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Over 40 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

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Functional diversity of single neurons in anatomically complex cortical networks (NEUROHUBS)

Start date: Oct 1, 2014, End date: Sep 30, 2019,

A fundamental quest in Neuroscience research is to reveal the function(s) of single neurons and networks. Understanding function seems to be on relatively solid grounds at the periphery where both anatomy and physiology converge in a simplified manner. However, as one ascends higher into the central nervous system, anatomy and physiology become increasingly more complex and functions become diffic ...
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Understanding immune evasion by malaria parasites (MALMASQ)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

...he human immune response and maintain a long-term infection. How mutually exclusive expression is regulated is still elusive.The rationale of the proposed study is that understanding the molecular mechanisms by which the parasite evade human immune attack would lead to the development of therapeutic approaches that disrupt this ability and would give the human immune system an opportunity to clear ...
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Experience, Judgement, and Representation of World War II in an Age of Globalization (JUDGINGHISTORIES)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

“JudgingHistories” sets out to examine the epistemic premises innate to universalizing historical experience, by scrutinizing the quest for historical understanding and moral judgment against the backdrop of an emerging global cultural environment, fraught with multiple recollections, while using memories of World War II as the empirical core of the study. The pivotal constellation of research eme ...
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Apartheid -- The Global Itinerary: South African Cultural Formations in Transnational Circulation, 1948-1990 (APARTHEID-STOPS)

Start date: May 1, 2014, End date: Apr 30, 2019,

This proposal proceeds from an anomaly. Apartheid routinely breached the separation that it names. Whereas the South African regime was deeply isolationist in international terms, new research links it to the Cold War and decolonization. Yet this trend does not consider sufficiently that the global contest over the meaning of apartheid and resistance to it occurs on the terrain of culture. My proj ...
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New Concepts in Bacterial Response to their Surroundings (BACTERIAL RESPONSE)

Start date: Apr 1, 2014, End date: Mar 31, 2019,

Bacteria in nature exhibit remarkable capacity to sense their surroundings and rapidly adapt to diverse conditions by gaining new beneficial traits. This extraordinary feature facilitates their survival when facing extreme environments. Utilizing Bacillus subtilis as our primary model organism, we propose to study two facets of this vital bacterial attribute: communication via extracellular nanotu ...
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Model theory and its applications: dependent classes (DEPENDENTCLASSES)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2019,

Model theory deals with general classes of structures (called models).Specific examples of such classes are: the class of rings or the class ofalgebraically closed fields.It turns out that counting the so-called complete types over models in theclass has an important role in the development of model theory in general andstability theory in particular.Stable classes are those with relatively few co ...
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International Integration and Social Identity: Theory and Evidence (INTEGRATION)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2019,

Understanding economic and political integration has long been a central concern for economists. An important missing ingredient in the existing literature is the analysis of endogenously determined social identity. By “social identity” I refer to the fact that individuals often care deeply about the groups to which they belong. By “endogenously determined” I refer to the fact that individuals do ...
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Design Principles in Encoding Complex Noisy Environments (ENCODE)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

Animals constantly face complex environments consisted of multiple fluctuating cues. Accurate detection and efficient integration of such perplexing information are essential as animals’ fitness and consequently survival depend on making the right behavioral decisions. However, little is known about how multifaceted stimuli are integrated by neural systems, and how this information flows in the ne ...
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Physiological Reaction to Predation- A General Way to Link Individuals to Ecosystems (ECOSTRESS)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

...ies regulate ecosystem processes. Thus, the physiological reaction of prey to predation can potentially explicate changes in ecosystem functioning. My first empirical examination of a few selected mechanisms of this theory has yielded very promising insights.The main objectives of this proposal are: (1) To systematically test whether prey reactions to predation are consistent with the proposed the ...
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Understanding Auditory Information Processing in Naturalistic Environments (RATLAND)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

...cally-relevant quantities that optimally summarize knowledge about the current scene and that allow behaviourally-relevant predictions of its future development. In order to study the role of such mechanisms in controlling behaviour, it is necessary to develop new technological and methodological tools.I will develop a semi-natural living environment for rats that will make it possible to train mu ...
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Systematic Approach to Dissect the Interplay between Chromatin and Transcription (CHROMATINSYS)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in regulating and maintaining the functionality of cells and have been implicated in a wide range of human diseases. Histone proteins that form the protein core of nucleosomes are subject to a bewildering array of covalent and structural modifications, which can repress, permit, or promote transcription. These modifications can be added and removed by s ...
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Secretion of inflammatory mediators from eosinophils and their tissue residing cell-free granules: mechanisms and implications in inflammation (eosinophil secretion)

Start date: Jan 1, 2015, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

... cells, cell-free granules released from human and mouse eosinophils during lysis have the ability to secrete their content in response to cytokine stimulation in a cell free context. However, the mechanisms of these two methods of secretion and the key factors that participate in the degranulation process in intact eosinophils and especially in cell-free granules are poorly understood.The current ...
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Protease Activated X-Ray Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques and Cancer Development using Spectral CT (CT-PROBES)

Start date: Dec 1, 2013, End date: Nov 30, 2018,

The major causes of death in the Western world are cardiovascular diseases and cancer. More accurate detection of these diseases will improve clinical outcomes. Thus, we will develop unique X-ray contrast reagents for use in spectral computerized tomography (CT) that bind active proteases to reveal the exact location and stage of cancer and atherosclerosis.Activity-based probes (ABPs) are small mo ...
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Closing the Loop between Understanding and Effective Treatment of the Basal Ganglia and their Disorders (CLUE-BGD)

Start date: Dec 1, 2013, End date: Nov 30, 2018,

In this project, the basal ganglia are defined as actor-critic reinforcement learning networks that aim at an optimal tradeoff between the maximization of future cumulative rewards and the minimization of the cost (the reinforcement driven multi objective optimization RDMOO model).This computational model will be tested by multiple neuron recordings in the major basal ganglia structures of monkeys ...
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Harnessing the Dark Side of Protein Folding: Manipulating Aggregation for Recombinant Protein Production (DARKSIDE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2018,

Nearly all desirable biological activities, whether for the purposes of nutrition, pharmacology, biofuel production, or waste disposal, can be carried out by proteins. Nature has furnished a vast array of bioactive and biocatalytic tools, and with the advent of rational protein design nearly any imaginable bioactivity is at our fingertips. There is, therefore, a pressing need for cost-effective, s ...
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Three ideas in open Gromov-Witten theory (OPENGWTRIANGLE)

Start date: Oct 1, 2013, End date: Sep 30, 2018,

The questions motivating symplectic geometry, from classical mechanics to enumerative algebraic geometry, have been studied for centuries. Many recent advances in the field have stemmed from the theory of J-holomorphic curves, and in particular Gromov-Witten theory. The past 25 years of research have produced a fairly detailed picture of what can be expected from classical, closed Gromov-Witten ...
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High-dimensional combinatorics (HI-DIM COMBINATORICS)

Start date: Oct 1, 2013, End date: Sep 30, 2018,

This research program originates from a pressing practical need and from a purely new geometric perspective of discrete mathematics..Graphs play a key role in many application areas of mathematics, providing the perfect mathematical description of all systems that are governed by pairwise interactions, in computer science, economics, biology and more. But graphs cannot fully capture scenarios in w ...
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‘Seeing’ with the ears, hands and bionic eyes: from theories about brain organization to visual rehabilitation (BRAINVISIONREHAB)

Start date: Sep 1, 2013, End date: Aug 31, 2018,

My lab's work ranges from basic science, querying brain plasticity and sensory integration, to technological developments, allowing the blind to be more independent and even “see” using sounds and touch similar to bats and dolphins (a.k.a. Sensory Substitution Devices, SSDs), and back to applying these devices in research. We propose that, with proper training, any brain area or network can change ...
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The role of visuospatial working memory in quantities representation and arithmetic: Neuroanatomical and behavioral evidence from typical and a-typical development (VisuoQuant)

Start date: Aug 1, 2014, End date: Jul 31, 2018,

... the influence of VSWM on the development of quantity representations on the mental number line and on high level arithmetic (strategy selection). Next, I will examine what are the neuro-cognitive mechanisms related to VSWM that underlie numerical processing, by testing college students during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan.In a-typical development I will study the role of VSWM ...
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Fast Filtering for Computer Graphics, Vision and Computational Sciences (FAST FILTERING)

Start date: Aug 1, 2013, End date: Jul 31, 2018,

The world of digital signal processing, in particular computer graphics, vision and image processing, use linear and non-linear, explicit and implicit filtering extensively to analyze, process and synthesize images. Given nowadays high-resolution sensors, these operations are often very time consuming and are limited to devices with high-CPU power.Traditional linear translation-invariant (LTI) tra ...
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Quantum walks in superconducting networks (QUANTUMWALKS)

Start date: Aug 1, 2013, End date: Jul 31, 2018,

"I propose to build a general purpose continuous quantum walk platform using superconducting devices (resonators, qubits and SQUIDS). This system will include up to 40 sites and will implement basic quantum simulation algorithms, generalized interferometry and explore the quantum-classical boundary for many-particle entangled systems.Quantum walks (QW) are a novel scheme for quantum information pr ...
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Happy or Sad? The Influence of Emotional Body Cues on Facial Expression Perception in Huntington’s Disease (EMO)

Start date: Jul 1, 2014, End date: Jun 30, 2018,

...ted and needs to be bridged with contemporary work in social psychology and social neuroscience. To this end, the current studies will take an interdisciplinary approach and examine the perceptual mechanisms of face-body interactions in HD. Study 1 will use eye scanning to examine how perceived emotional body cues alter the visual scanning of facial expressions in HD. Study 2 will use facial EMG t ...
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Plasticity of the Burst-Pause Response in the Tonically Active Cholinergic Interneurons of the Striatum in Normal and Parkinsonian Mice (BurstPausePlasticity)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2018,

...tingencies. The B-P response (and its plasticity) are severely compromised in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), which may be related to the akinetic nature of the disorder.The biophysical mechanism of the B-P response is still debated, but to date none of the candidate mechanisms has accounted for its plasticity. In the current proposal, we will identify and characterize the mechanism tha ...
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Structure-Function Studies of the TRIM Family of Ubiquitin E3 Ligases (TRIM)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2018,

...ranscriptional regulation and apoptosis. Defects in TRIM E3 ligase activity have been linked to cancer and developmental and genetic diseases. Despite TRIM vital roles, important aspects of their mechanism as E3 ligases remain unknown mainly due to their multi-domain architecture, their ability to self-associate into dimers and higher order complexes, and their ability to serve as E3 ligases not ...
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Multifunctional Polymeric Nanomicelles Combat Tumor Evasion in Antiangiogenic Cancer Therapy (Anti-angiogenic drug)

Start date: May 1, 2014, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

...r conjugate of a small molecule angiostatic compound, TNP-470, which form nanomicelle with improved pharmacological properties compared with the free drug. By combining a second drug with distinct mechanism of action we will provide an important, clinically relevant tool, and a future platform for antiangiogenic or other drugs.
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Avenues in Probabilistic and Geometric Combinatorics (PROGEOCOM)

Start date: May 1, 2013, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

We consider problems in geometric and probabilistic combinatorics and discuss some applications to and connections with other areas.One underlying theme of our proposal is discrete isoperimetric relations.On the probabilistic side we discuss applications of Fourier analysis of Boolean functions to the study of threshold behavior of random graphs and other stochastic models, and propose ten direct ...
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Long-Run Effects of Education Interventions: Evidence from Randomized Trials (EDUCATION-LONG-RUN)

Start date: May 1, 2013, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

The vast majority of published research on the impact of school interventions has examined their effects on short-run outcomes, primarily test scores. While important, a possibly deeper question of interest to society is the impact of such interventions on long-run life outcomes. This is a critical question because the ultimate goal of education is to improve lifetime well-being. Recent research h ...
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Recognition of bacteria by NK cells (BACNK)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

NK cells that are well known by their ability to recognize and eliminate virus infected and tumor cells were also implicated in the defence against bacteria. However, the recognition of bacteria by NK cells is only poorly understood. we do not know how bacteria are recognized and the functional consequences of such recognition are also weakly understood. In the current proposal we aimed at determi ...
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CholinomiRs: MicroRNA Regulators of Cholinergic Signalling in the Neuro-Immune Interface (CHOLINOMIRS)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

"Communication between the nervous and the immune system is pivotal for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring rapid and efficient reaction to stress and infection insults. The emergence of microRNAs (miRs) as regulators of gene expression and of acetylcholine (ACh) signalling as regulator of anxiety and inflammation provides a model for studying this interaction. My hypothesis is that 1) a specific ...
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The vascular stem cell niche and the neurovascular unit (VASNICHE)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

...ejuvenating' the niche vasculature can override the natural age-dependent decline of adult neurogenesis. Proposed experiments will extend this exciting finding and thrive to uncover the underlying mechanisms.
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A Diaspora in Transition - Cultural and Religious Changes in Western Sephardic Communities in the Early Modern Period (DIASPORAINTRANSITION)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

The communities of the Western Sephardic Diaspora were founded in the 16th and 17th centuries by New Christians from Iberia who returned to Judaism that had been abandoned by their ancestors in the late Middle Ages. This project will concentrate on the changes in the religious conceptions and behavior as well as the cultural patterns of the communities of Amsterdam, Hamburg, Leghorn, London, and B ...
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Molecular Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks Underlying the Persistence of Drug Addiction (Cocaine Gene Network)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

...ve analysis of gene targets of CEBPB and KLF2 will be further pursued by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing.This study is expected to result in identification of molecular mechanisms and specific genes responsible for the rewiring of gene regulatory networks observed following repetitive exposure to cocaine, potentially underlying the persistent memory of drug experience dri ...
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An interdisciplinary genome-wide study of posttranscriptional regulation by small RNAs: from individual interactions to networks and evolution (POSTTRANS)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

...RNA targets. It seems that in many organisms the layer of posttranscriptional regulation is as widespread as transcription regulation, presenting a major challenge towards achieving functional and mechanistic understanding of this regulation level. Here we propose to develop an innovative methodology for genome-wide detection of the sRNA targetome, all mRNA targets of cellular sRNAs. This new meth ...
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Mobility, Empire and Cross-Cultural Contacts in Mongol Eurasia (MONGOL)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

This project seeks to study the Mongol Empire in its full Eurasian context. It combines a world history perspective with close reading in a huge array of primary sources in various languages (mainly Persian, Arabic and Chinese) and different historiographical traditions, and classifies the acquired information into a sophisticated prosopographical database, which records the individuals acting und ...
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From correct to high-quality reactive systems (Quality)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

Formal verification is the study of algorithms and tools for the development of correct hardware and software designs. Two fundamental problems in formal verification are temporal logic model checking -- given a mathematical model of the system and a temporal-logic formula that specifies the desired behavior of the system, decide whether the model satisfies the formula, and synthesis -- given a te ...
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Order in Disorder: Context-dependent strategies for integrating peptide-mediated interactions (ORDER IN DISORDER)

Start date: Dec 1, 2012, End date: Nov 30, 2017,

Peptide-mediated protein interactions are emerging as key regulators of many important regulatory processes in the cell. Short motifs, usually embedded into disordered regions of the protein, interact with specific sets of protein partners in a transient way and allow efficient and malleable propagation of signals towards their targets. While regular protein interactions have been intensively stud ...
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Quantum Hamiltonian Complexity (QHC)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Nov 30, 2017,

Quantum computation suggests a revolution in technology and in cryptography, a completely new perspective on the foundations of theoretical computer science, and a different approach to the study of physical systems.One of the major new developments in quantum computation over the last few years has been the emergence of a new field called ``Quantum Hamiltonian complexity (QHC)'', which sits on th ...
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Quantum Spin Simulators Based on Defects in Diamond (NV QUANTUM SIMULATOR)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

"Quantum interacting systems lie at the forefront of contemporary physics, posing challenges to our understanding of quantum phases, many-body dynamics, and a variety of condensed matter phenomena. Also, advances in quantum applications, including quantum computation and metrology, rely on interactions to create entanglement and to improve sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit. In particul ...
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Ultrafast EUV probe for Molecular Reaction Dynamics (ULTRAFASTEUVPROBE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2012, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

...mparison of intense field CEI to the proposed single EUV photon approach. Successful implementation of this research will endow us with a new way to visualize and understand the underlying quantum mechanisms involved in chemical reactions. With this new technology I hope to be able to provide unique insight into molecular fragmentation and rearrangement dynamics during chemical reactions and to re ...
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Walking the tightrope between life and death: Oxygen homeostasis regulation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (WTBLDOHRNCE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2011, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

Oxygen (O2) is vital for the life of all aerobic animals. However, fine-tuned regulation of O2 levels is crucial since both shortage (hypoxia) and excess (via the production of reactive oxygen species, ROS) may be harmful. Indeed, both hypoxia and ROS may underlie the pathophysiology of many diseases such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s. To understand how this fine-tuned O2 regulation is achiev ...
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