Big Bang (BB) was concerned with the ‘culture clash’ between work-based culture and a culture of worklessness, social exclusion and low ambition. This includes young people who were participating in anti-social/negative peer group behaviour (including ‘gang’ culture and offending), and to address the disproportionate under-representation of young people from marginalised groups (Black, minority and migrant communities) accessing initial VET and employment in the partner countries. The main aim of the project was to import and export, test, adapt existing innovative VET methodologies that had been developed to address the 'clash'. Firstly, the YES programme developed through a Leonardo Project in 2007 established a training toolkit for HR Managers, particularly SMEs, to recruit young people from marginalised groups and help sustain their employment. Secondly, the Dare2Achieve (D2A) project operated by 15 Billion in the UK, recognized by the Skills Funding Agency, the National Apprenticeship Service and DWP as a successful youth employability programme that responds specifically to the needs of marginalised young people. Third, a theoretical framework about the culture clash developed in the Netherlands. Big Bang was a new consortium from across the ‘culture clash’ stakeholder spectrum.