Background Nanomaterials are increasingly being developed for a range of industrial uses. However, there is a lack of standardised methods for estimating the release of nanomaterials to the different environmental compartments - air, water, soil – during the various stages of any nanotechnology-enabled product’s lifecycle. Current legislation for chemicals and environmental protection was not originally formulated bearing nanomaterials in mind. Industry is currently having to follow a precautionary principle to minimise potential exposure levels and risks. However, to enable the full economic potential of this exciting sector to be realised, whilst ensuring safety for the environment and human health, better understanding and knowledge of the associated risks is needed. This will enable a better regulatory framework in relation to the effects of nanomaterials. The implementation of systematic approaches for risk assessment of nanomaterials by industry and the ability of the sector to communicate this successfully to consumers is of paramount importance for the successful penetration into the market and sustainability of this innovative technology. Objectives The 'SIRENA' project aims to improve understanding of risks associated with nanomaterials through the demonstration and testing of a methodology to simulate the unintended release of nanomaterials from consumer products. It will replicate different lifecycle scenarios to be adopted by a wide number of industrial sectors to get the necessary information for exposure assessment. 'SIRENA' aims to anticipate exposure scenarios from the proposed uses of nanomaterials. It will work with 72 sample specimens consisting of a variety of nanocomposites currently used in three different industrial sectors: aerospace, automotive and construction. Examining these scenarios will help identify parameters for the exposure assessment required in risk assessment, data that should be available prior to commencing the detailed risk assessment of a nanomaterial. The project thus hopes to extend the existing knowledge base in relation to risks associated with nanomaterials and contribute to decisions to minimise potential impacts throughout nanocomposites’ lifecycles. It hopes to provide producers and manufacturers with suitable tools and procedures to mitigate risks by choosing products conveying minimum nanomaterial release. Ultimately the project hopes to facilitate the adaptations needed for nanomaterials in the current regulatory framework and support implementation of EU environmental policy and legislation in relation to chemical products (REACH) in particular. Expected results The project expects to deliver the following: Validated methodologies and prototypes for Environmental Exposure Scenario Replication at different stages in the lifecycle of nanocomposites; A protocol for the selection and prioritisation of nanomaterials in consumer products; A report on the methods to simulate the release of nanomaterials from consumer products at different lifecycle stages; A searchable database including outcomes from the technological surveillance system; Best practice manuals for safe nanomaterial use; Exposure data to support risk-management decision-making and regulation to protect human health and the environment; To contribute to the “eco responsible design” of nanomaterials; To improve general acceptance of nanomaterials; and To facilitate effective updating and implementation of REACH.