Background A national habitat inventory carried out in 2013 revealed that the majority of the existing calcareous grassland sites in Luxembourg are in an average condition. According to this inventory, many of the previously known sites could no longer be considered as grassland, as they had been encroached by scrubs and succumbed to natural succession. Among the most threatened communities are priority-rated, orchid-rich assemblages within calcareous grasslands. This includes endangered species such as those belonging to the genera Ophrys and Orchis and the field cow-wheat (Melampyrum arvense, classified as a priority species in Luxembourg) that are directly dependant on the condition of calcareous grasslands. Another focal point is the calcareous grasslands (Gentiano-Koelerietum) that developed through extensive grazing. These are characterised by the presence of gentians (Gentiana germanica and G. ciliata) and junipers. The importance of calcareous grasslands to conserving biodiversity is further emphasised by the numerous habitat types with which they are closely linked. The project area includes eight Natura 2000 sites in the southeast of Luxembourg. Objectives The project’s main objective centres on securing and restoring all calcareous grasslands that have been known to exist in southeast of Luxembourg. This goal will be achieved by: improving the conservation status of grassland habitats through removal of moss and dead biomass; expanding the surface area of target habitats by clearing of scrubs and removing non-native forestation; cross-linking habitat patches through extensification of adjacent farmland; and providing long-term protection through land purchases and management. Special emphasis will be given to restoring the priority habitat ‘orchid-rich calcareous grasslands’ in order to help achieve national and European conservation objectives. Expected results: Anticipated outcomes of the project include the following results: A total of 70 ha of dry grasslands restored through shrub clearance; Extensive land use practices are established on 45 ha through management contracts; Prevention of shrub re-colonisation over 85 ha via on-going mowing; Planting of Juniperus communis at 19 sites; Acquisition of 10% of the project area within the core zones (31 ha); and Public awareness increased concerning the cultural and historical importance of calcareous grasslands (thus laying the foundations for their future protection).