Pharmacogenomics is the scientific discipline that relates inter-individual variation in drug response to genetic variation. While there have been major advances in basic genomic knowledge and genotyping technologies, translation into clinical practice has been slow. It is essential we quicken the pace of translational research in pharmacogenomics - at present, we cannot define which patients are going to respond to drugs, and which patients are going to develop adverse drug reactions. In this ITN, our concerted action across the EU, in cooperation with US researchers will train young investigators and clinicians (14 ESR and 2 ER) to establish, evaluate and retrieve relevant genetic information from patients, and relate it to clinical outcomes of drug therapy. This will be achieved through sharing patient materials, performing pooled analyses, transfer of knowledge and skills across laboratories and provide access to high-throughput technology platforms between 5 academic (3 EU, 1 ICPC, 1 OTC partners) and 4 industry partners (3 EU, 1AC partner). This will enhance translational research, promote uniform drug treatment standards throughout Europe and worldwide, and improve the competitiveness of the EU in this emerging and exciting field.