"The Project aims to develop new powertrain concepts able to give a substantial contribution to the achievement of a 50% CO2 reduction (based on 2005 figures) for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles for the new vehicle fleet in 2020. In particular, the research target on spark ignited (SI) engines powered vehicles is to achieve 40% lower CO2 emissions with respect to the 2005 values and 20% lower CO2 emission than the 2005 level for compression ignition (CI) engine powered vehicles. The objective includes also the target of near-zero emission levels (better than EURO 6) maintained during the useful life of the engines and keeping into account real life emissions, in line with the intention to amend the test procedures in emission legislation in view of real life emissions. Three different concepts will be investigated and implemented: - ultradownsizing gasoline engine integrating VVA, advanced turbocharging and Direct Injection; - two-stroke downsized diesel engine integrating HCCI and low temperature combustion modes; - combined combustion system based on Compression Ignited engine dedicated to new fuel formulation. Transversal supporting activities will be integrated for evaluating and assessing: advanced simulation methodologies for powertrain integration, advanced approaches for friction reduction (design solutions, coatings and surface treatments, lubricants), PEMS methodologies for real world emission analysis."