Background In Mediterranean and Apennine woodlands a simplification of forestry structure/patterns can be easily and progressively recognised. This trend negatively affects mainly deciduous species, and it is caused by a wide series of factors, including the ageing of traditional coppice woodlands and limited knowledge of innovative management patterns. In recent decades, a new woodland management method known as 'single tree silviculture' has become increasingly prevalent in a number of European countries. This method aims to increase the average value of forestry areas while reducing management costs through the selection of a limited amount of high value tree species (target trees). Objectives The project aims to introduce the ‘single tree silviculture’ technique to Tuscany for the management and conservation of sporadic tree species found within plantations. The overall aim is to increase the biodiversity, ecological stability and whole value (including economic) of the forest. A regional forest inventory will be compiled, to define suitable areas for the protection and improvement of sporadic tree species. Forest management plans will be drawn up and implemented for the Colline Metallifere and Appennino Pistoiese forest districts. Additionally, demonstration areas will be set up to illustrate the tree-oriented silviculture techniques applied to the sporadic trees. Expected results: The project will produce a report on the timber market for sporadic species and a report on the assessment of regional rules on forest protection; 800 ha of forest will be managed according to the new planning methodology; Demonstration areas (80 ha) will be established to improve sporadic species in (i) the Colline Metallifere forest district (low mountainous phyto-climatic zone) and (ii) the Appennino Pistoiese forest district (mountain phyto-climatic zone); The project will produce a report on monitoring of silvicultural interventions and bird populations, and a report on indicators to assess forestry interventions.