The central monitoring measurements of occupational health and safety, statistics on accidents and occupational illnesses had observed very large diff erences between Finland and the Republic of Karelia, which, according to preliminary and individual workplace reports and measurements, should not have existed. Th e underlying reasons for such huge diff erences had not been examined earlier. Th e purpose of the project was to compare the occupational health and safety legislation and statistics in Finland and Russia and to improve the statistics system. Th e aim of the project was to get reliable information based on assessments in situ about the state of the working environment in the Republic of Karelia, as well as defi ne the underlying reasons. Th e intention was also to get information about the needs of local companies and authorities for developing working environments and to create a ground profi le about the situation of occupational health and safety in Karelia, based on which it would be able to prioritise the needs of occupational health and safety work in the Republic of Karelia. Additionally, the intention was to develop risk management and occupational illness diagnostics in Finland and issue information about occupational work protection for neighbouring cooperation-related needs. Achievements: The project compared the legislation, occurrence and statistics of occupational accidents and illnesses and their differences in Finland and the Republic of Karelia. It was noticed that the laws deal with similar preventative matters of occupational accidents and health hazards, but that their emphasis and accuracy differ from each other to some extent. The differences varied most in the control of occupational protection, which was particularly evident in practical control work and in the safety activities of the workplaces themselves. For example, visits and inspections of workplaces could not be performed as much in Karelia as in Finland, because there were noticeably fewer occupational safety officers there. A significant variation was noted in the independent participation of personnel to occupational safety work in the workplaces. Because of legislation, social security and the insurance system, the statistics of occupational accidents and illnesses varied so much that they were not directly comparable. However, the project collected a great deal of information, which formed a good framework for continuing the cooperation. The project achieved a thorough dialogue and mutual understanding about the development targets and also increased the understanding of a different working environment and culture. The project organised practical training with regard to workplace visits, risk assessment practices, occupational illness diagnostics and health inspection procedures. The training widened perspectives and occupational skills and motivated them to develop occupational health and safety activities. The focus of activities in the future should be transferred to risk management and planning the project financing so that the Karelian cooperation partners also assume more responsibility about the content and progress of the project. Th e project provided comparative information about the situation and possibilities of occupational protection. Th e institutional structures of occupational protection are very diff erent. Th is information can be used in the cross-border business and investment planning of Finnish companies. Equally, when importing goods from the other side of the border, it is important to know the prevailing norms of occupational protection.