Background The development of scientific knowledge has resulted in greater certainty that climate change is an inevitable consequence of past and present human activities. Forests interact with climate systems, acting as carbon dioxide sinks when growing, and as a source of carbon dioxide when being destroyed by natural or by human-driven processes. Climate change is also expected to result in major shifts in the geographic distribution of forest vegetation, and die-back and decline are expected. The Mediterranean region seems to be more prone than other regions to serious changes in its ecosystems, flora and fauna, in favour of more drought-tolerant species. Τhe implications of these changes for forest management and conservation are profound. Adaptive forest management strategies are urgently needed to enable the planning and management of healthy, productive forests, capable of additional carbon storage in forest ecosystems, combined with sustainable provision of forest goods and services. Objectives The project aims to demonstrate that forest management can be adapted to climate change, while enhancing the capacity of forest services. To achieve this, the project has carefully selected 4 pilot sites, where changes in vegetation have already been observed (e.g. dying out of fir, invasion of conifers in evergreen broadleaved forests). The project will demonstrate this approach at these 4 sites, working at local level, and will then integrate the findings to give guidance and training at regional and national level. The project will also disseminate to all stakeholders and to the general public the reasons why the adaptation of forest management to climate change is needed. The project expects to achieve the following results: Assessment of the effects of climate change on selected forest ecosystems in Greece; Incorporation in selected forest management plans of climate change considerations; Creation of guidelines on the adaptation of forest management to climate change in Greece; Wide dissemination of information on the need to adapt forest management to climate change, and methodologies for achieving this; and Training of forest service personnel to incorporate climate change considerations into their forest management practices.