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Over 40 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

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INtestinal Tissue ENgineering Solution (INTENS)

Start date: Jan 1, 2016, End date: Dec 31, 2020,

Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is a condition that occurs when part or the entire small intestine is missing or has been removed during surgery. This condition renders the bowel incapable of fulfilling its nutritional function (intestinal failure). There is no cure for SBS. Parenteral (intravenous) nutrition (PN) and bowel transplantation are currently the preferred options for nutrition in children a ...
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Reconstitution of Chromosome Replication and Epigenetic Inheritance (CHROMOREP)

Start date: Nov 1, 2015, End date: Oct 31, 2020,

A PubMed search for ‘epigenetic’ identifies nearly 35,000 entries, yet the molecular mechanisms by which chromatin modification and gene expression patterns are actually inherited during chromosome replication — mechanisms which lie at the heart of epigenetic inheritance of gene expression — are still largely uncharacterised. Understanding these mechanisms would be greatly aided if we could reco ...
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Functions of the X chromosome in the mammalian germ line (XChromosome)

Start date: Nov 1, 2015, End date: Oct 31, 2020,

Male and female mammals differ in their sex chromosome complement: males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome (XY), while females have two X chromosomes (XX). Decades of research have demonstrated that the Y chromosome is crucial for male fertility, regulating both sex differentiation and spermatogenesis. However, the role of the X chromosome in these critical stages of germ line development ...
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Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion (ChromatidCohesion)

Start date: Oct 1, 2015, End date: Sep 30, 2020,

Following their synthesis during DNA replication, sister chromatids remain paired by the cohesin complex, which forms the basis for their faithful segregation during cell division. Cohesin is a large ring-shaped protein complex, incorporating an ABC-type ATPase module. Despite its importance for genome stability, the molecular mechanism of cohesin action remains as intriguing as it remains poorly ...
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DNA strand break repair and links to human disease (DNA2REPAIR)

Start date: Sep 1, 2015, End date: Aug 31, 2020,

Our genetic material is continually subjected to damage, either from endogenous sources such as reactive oxygen species, produced as by-products of oxidative metabolism, from the breakdown of replication forks during cell growth, or by agents in the environment such as ionising radiation or carcinogenic chemicals. To cope with DNA damage, cells employ elaborate and effective repair processes that ...
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Testing the role of miRNA-mediated non-cell autonomous gene regulation in type-2 immunity (miRNA in Immunity)

Start date: Aug 1, 2015, End date: Jul 31, 2020,

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be transferred between cells, representing an exciting new dimension to intercellular communication, referred to as non-cell-autonomous gene regulation. We recently identified that distinct miRNAs are packaged and exported from TREG cells and delivered directly to TH1 cells, suppressing T cell-mediated disease. Different T cell populations express different miRNAs and releas ...
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A multidisciplinary approach to cell division: From human oocyte to synthetic biology (DivIDe)

Start date: Apr 1, 2016, End date: Mar 31, 2020,

The cell is the universal unit of living matter, and there cannot be propagation of life without cell division. DivIDe aims to investigate the mechanisms and principles of cell division and to reproduce them in vitro with synthetic approaches. Crucial to cell division is the mitotic spindle, a structure whose main duty is the separation of chromosomes. The spindle is made of microtubules (MT), mol ...
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Principles of Polarity – Integrating genetic, biophysical and computational approaches to understand cell and tissue polarity (PolarNet)

Start date: Oct 1, 2015, End date: Sep 30, 2019,

The ability of cells to polarize underlies the most basic biological functions such as motility and response to external challenges, but also the formation and maintenance of tissues in a multicellular organism. The importance of cell polarity is underscored by the fact that cell polarity is essential for animal development and is perturbed in disease states such as cancer. Understanding cell pola ...
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Tumour Heterogeneity and Somatic Evolution of Unstable cancer genomes (THESEUS)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

SummaryThe majority of metastastic solid tumours remain incurable. In-depth analysis of tumour genomes is revealing evidence for branched evolution and cancer subclonal spatial and temporal intratumour heterogeneity (ITH). Drivers of ITH such as chromosomal instability (CIN) are associated with drug resistance and poor clinical outcome. However, despite increasing knowledge of tumour diversity, th ...
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Strategies towards Excellence in Immuno-Oncology (STREAM)

Start date: Jan 1, 2016, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

In 2013, the Science magazine announced Immunotherapy of cancer as the ‘Breakthrough of the Year’. The results of ongoing clinical studies with new cancer immunotherapeutics strongly support this enthusiasm. Following the lead of the top research groups, the Coordinator of the present proposal, Medical University of Warsaw (MUW) displays a predominant ambition of becoming a major player in the thr ...
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RNA-based technologies for single-cell metabolite analysis (MetaRNA)

Start date: Jan 1, 2015, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

Metabolism is the foundation of all living organisms. While cells in a population are often phenotypically different, most of our current analytical approaches still probe metabolism only at the population level. Because strong evidence exists that metabolic cell-to-cell heterogeneity has, for instance, disease relevance, researcher from MetaRNA will overcome this severe analytical limitation thro ...
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Unleash IMM’s research excellence in immunity and infection through twinning to infect Lisbon and Portugal with its increase in competitiveness and innovation (TwinnToInfect)

Start date: Jan 1, 2016, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

...tions by cementing a sustainable science, technology and innovation network with two internationally-leading organisations in the immunity and infection area of research, the Institut Pasteur and the Francis Crick Institute. The strategy of TwinnToInfect, based on science- and innovation-driven clustering, is focused on this societal challenge that lies at the centre of many age-related disorders. ...
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Characterization of RTEL1 mutations in Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson Syndrome (RTEL1inHHS)

Start date: Jan 1, 2017, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome (HHS) is a multisystem disorder with patients presenting inter-uterine growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and/or aplastic anaemia. Recently, mutations in RTEL1 have been shown to be causal for this disease. RTEL1 prevents genomic instability and maintains integrity of the telomeres by disassembling different secondary structures that arise during DNA replication, r ...
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Development and Characterisation of New Immunogenic GEMMs of Lung Cancer (iGEMMdev)

Start date: Jan 1, 2017, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

Many studies have recently archived a remarkable clinical efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments in several cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, these approaches are not always successful and it is currently impossible to predict a therapeutic response or serious adverse event. These fundamental issues need to be addressed and, to recapitulate the complexity of interact ...
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Mapping the Targets of Antimalarial Compounds Through Chemical Profiling (MALARIA TARGETS ID)

Start date: Sep 1, 2014, End date: Aug 31, 2018,

Malaria is one of the most devastating infectious diseases affecting half of the world population and killing close to a million people every year. Widespread resistance of the malaria parasite to most front-line drugs and the rapid emergence of resistance against new therapies have made the validation of novel pharmaceutical targets and the identification of potent pharmacophores extremely urgent ...
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Capture, dissemination and analysis of multiscale cell migration data for biological and clinical applications (MULTIMOT) (MULTIMOT)

Start date: Aug 1, 2015, End date: Jul 31, 2018,

This proposal addresses the call topic ‘Advancing bioinformatics to meet biomedical and clinical needs’ (PHC-32-2014), with the focus on the standardization, dissemination and meta-analysis of cell migration data. Cell migration is the fundamental process in medically highly relevant topics, including morphogenesis, immune function, wound healing, and cancer metastasis, and the study of cell migra ...
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Allele-specific Deconvolution of Tumour DNA Methylation and Expression Data toReveal Underlying Cell Populations (DECODE)

Start date: Aug 1, 2016, End date: Jul 31, 2018,

Owing to advances in sequencing technology, we are now beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and evolution. Tumours however are heterogeneous, often containing admixed normal cells and different (sub)clones, confounding interpretation of the massive amounts of data flowing from large initiatives such as the International Cancer Genome Consortium.To address ...
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Design Principles of Microtubule Cytoskeleton Architectures during Cell Division (SPINDLEDESIGN)

Start date: Jul 1, 2013, End date: Jun 30, 2018,

The microtubule cytoskeleton provides an intracellular coordinate system and a mechanical scaffold for a multitude of essential cellular functions. The design principles underlying the dynamic organisation and function of the microtubule cytoskeleton are not understood. Using an in vitro reconstitution approach, we will determine the rules that govern which combination of mechano-chemical elements ...
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Quantitative analysis of protein S-palmitoylation in host resistance to intracellular pathogens. (QuantPalm_immunity)

Start date: Jul 1, 2015, End date: Jun 30, 2018,

Protein fatty-acylations (N-myristoylation, S-palmitoylation and Lys-fatty acylation) are important lipid-modifications that regulate the trafficking and function of membrane-associated proteins in eukaryotes. With the development of new chemical proteomic methods by the Hang laboratory and others, many additional protein candidates of fatty-acylation have been reported. Notably, the Hang group ha ...
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Effect of heterogeneity of cancer cells on collective invasion (HeteroCancerInvasion)

Start date: May 1, 2016, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

Recent live cell imaging studies have demonstrated that cancer cells invade either as single cell or as cell group retaining cell-cell adhesion. In contrast to the well-documented single cell movement, little is known about collective cancer cell invasion. Given that a single tumour tissue contains various types of cancer cells and the collective movement of cancer cells is sum of the behavior of ...
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Targeting RAS oncogene addiction (RASTARGET)

Start date: May 1, 2013, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

Lung cancer is the most common type of malignant tumour worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related death (335,000 deaths per year in Europe). The KRAS oncogene is frequently activated by point mutation in human lung cancer and mutations in the RAS family oncogenes are responsible for driving some 20% of all human malignancies. Most cell lines from RAS mutant tumours remain “oncogene addicte ...
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ATMINistrating ATM signalling: exploring the significance of ATM regulation by ATMIN (ATMINDDR)

Start date: Feb 1, 2012, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

ATM is the protein kinase that is mutated in the hereditary autosomal recessive disease ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). A-T patients display immune deficiencies, cancer predisposition and radiosensitivity. The molecular role of ATM is to respond to DNA damage by phosphorylating its substrates, thereby promoting repair of damage or arresting the cell cycle. Following the induction of double-strand bre ...
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 2

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The impact of chromosomal instability on health: Molecular causes and consequences of aneuploidy (PLOIDYNET)

Start date: Oct 1, 2013, End date: Sep 30, 2017,

Aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes, is a hallmark of cancer cells, affecting the majority of all human tumours. Aneuploidy arises when errors occur during mitosis, as the duplicated chromosomes are distributed between the two new daughter cells. Paradoxically, aneuploidy appears to have detrimental consequences for the physiology of untransformed cells in vitro, inhibiting rather than s ...
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MAL: an actin-regulated SRF transcriptional coactivator (ACTINONSRF)

Start date: Oct 1, 2011, End date: Sep 30, 2017,

MAL: an actin-regulated SRF transcriptional coactivatorRecent years have seen a revitalised interest in the role of actin in nuclear processes, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unexplored. We will elucidate the molecular basis for the actin-based control of the SRF transcriptional coactivator, MAL. SRF controls transcription through two families of coactivators, the actin-bindi ...
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 2

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Cross-species characterisation of CD8alpha+ dendritic cells and their role in immune regulation (DCSUBSET)

Start date: Sep 1, 2011, End date: Aug 31, 2017,

Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogeneous family of leucocytes with important functions in immunity. Little is known about the role of distinct DC subtypes in vivo. In the mouse, a subset known as CD8alpha+ DC has been argued to represent a discrete DC lineage with specialised properties. These include a superior capacity for presenting exogenous antigens to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, which makes CD8al ...
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 2

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European Initial Training Network on Developmental and Computational Biology (DevCom)

Start date: Sep 1, 2013, End date: Aug 31, 2017,

The ability to manipulate cellular pluripotency and differentiation holds the as yet unrealized promise of regenerative medicine to produce replacement cells and tissues. To this end a deep understanding of the regulation of differentiation potential in the context of normal embryonic development is crucial. The recent revolution in sequencing technology has enabled high throughput and genome-wide ...
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Investigating eukaryotic replisome dynamics at the single molecule level (SMI REP)

Start date: Aug 1, 2015, End date: Jul 31, 2017,

For cells to reproduce, an accurate duplicate of the genome must be created. This is no small task. The genetic information stored in each cell consists of ~6 billion pairs of nucleobases (base pairs, bp) assembled as a polymer 2 metres long and 2 nanometres in diameter, with the structural form of a double helix. For a mammalian cell to divide, this deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) must be copied in a ...
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Role of extracellular miRNAs in T cell development, TH2 cell differentiation and TH2 cell-mediated effector function (miRNAs in TH2 cells)

Start date: Aug 1, 2015, End date: Jul 31, 2017,

It is estimated that more than 200 million Europeans suffer from at least one type of allergy. This condition is elicited by an hyper-activated type-2 inflammatory response coordinated by T helper (TH)-2 cells. In spite a good insight into the molecular mechanisms that triggers TH2 cells activation, the lack in understanding their post-transcriptional regulation is hampering the access to new pote ...
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 2

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Sorting processes that ensure short and long-range action of Wnts in developing epithelia (WNTEXPORT)

Start date: Jul 1, 2012, End date: Jun 30, 2017,

Wnts are signaling proteins that act both at short and long range in developing tissues. Several proteins, such as Wntless, are specifically devoted to Wnt secretion, indicating that Wnts may follow a distinct secretory route. Moreover, Wnts carry two lipid modifications, which are likely to interfere with diffusion in the extracellular space. Much of our work will focus on the trafficking of Wing ...
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Systematic investigation of the functional coupling between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory interactions underlying tissue-specific 3'UTRs variability. (NeuroUTR)

Start date: Jun 1, 2015, End date: May 31, 2017,

3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs) serve as a key platform in the RNA regulatory network that controls mRNA translational efficiency, localisation and stability. Of all human cell-types, brain-specific isoforms have the longest 3' UTRs and therefore their regulation is likely to be most complex. Moreover, mutations perturbing the mRNA secondary structure and sites of mRNA-miRNA interactions can lea ...
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Structural and biochemical characterization of pre-recombination complexes (BRCA2Interact)

Start date: Jun 1, 2015, End date: May 31, 2017,

Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential DNA repair mechanism and defects in different HR factors are linked with disease and cancer pre-disposition. The RAD51 recombinase plays a central role in HR, forming nucleoprotein filaments at sites of DNA damage and promoting homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange. RAD51 filament formation is mediated by the BRCA2 tumour suppressor, mutations in ...
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 2

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Novel Approaches to Determine Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis in Tuberculosis (TB-PATH)

Start date: Apr 1, 2012, End date: Mar 31, 2017,

I initiated and developed an unbiased comprehensive study using whole genome array analysis of the transcriptome in blood of tuberculosis (TB) patients and provided global knowledge of the immune response and potential factors leading to TB pathogenesis. Using larger cohorts of TB patients and controls than previous studies, together with complementary analytical approaches of modular, pathway and ...
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Investigation of the molecular mechanisms ensuring precision and reproducibility of Sonic Hedgehog mediated patterning in the vertebrate ventral neural tube (NeuralNetworkNoise)

Start date: Apr 1, 2015, End date: Mar 31, 2017,

Morphogens are locally produced molecules that act over long distances in tissues to control the pattern of gene expression. A particularly well-understood model system for studying the mechanisms of morphogen-mediated patterning is the vertebrate neural tube. Here, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) induces discrete neuronal progenitor domains through regulation of a combinatorial code of transcription factors ...
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Identification of protein kinases and signalling pathways important for Plasmodium falciparummalaria transmission (PFSEXOME)

Start date: Apr 1, 2015, End date: Mar 31, 2017,

Malaria is a devastating disease caused by the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium. Plasmodium falciparum represents the most severe and life-threatening form of human malaria, causing over 500,000 deaths per year. There is no efficient vaccine available and resistance to all currently used drugs reported. One of the major problems in eradicating human malaria is the transmission of the parasites sex ...
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The interplay between innate immunity and RNA interference in mammals (RNAi vs IFN)

Start date: Mar 1, 2015, End date: Feb 28, 2017,

In antiviral RNAi, the DICER (DCR) enzyme processes virus-derived double-stranded (ds)RNA into siRNAs that guide ARGONAUTE proteins to silence complementary viral RNA. As a counter-defense, viruses deploy viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs). Well-established in plants and invertebrates, the existence of antiviral RNAi in mammals has remained unknown until our recent findings (from my first postdoctor ...
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Molecular basis of IGF2BPs-mediated lncRNAs degradation (LNCRNATURNOVER)

Start date: Sep 1, 2014, End date: Sep 30, 2016,

Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) constitute a conserved family of oncofetal RNA binding proteins (RBPs) important in embryonic development, and whose expression in tumours is strongly correlated to cancer dissemination. There are three isoforms in mammals, IGF2BP1-3, which regulate mRNA transport, translation, and RNA stability, in a RNA target-dependent manner. Recentl ...
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Anatomy and dynamics of the human replisome (AnDyHRep)

Start date: Sep 1, 2014, End date: Aug 31, 2016,

Accurately copying its whole genome is perhaps the most important task of the cell. Mistakes in DNA replication can result in cell death or, potentially worse, in mutagenesis and genomic instability, which in turn can lead to uncontrolled proliferation, the basis of cancer. Elucidating the factors involved in DNA replication and understanding the mechanisms by which human cells guarantee the prec ...
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Regulating recombination in mitotic and meiotic cells (RECMITMEI)

Start date: May 1, 2011, End date: Apr 30, 2016,

DNA is a highly reactive molecule that is subject to deliberate, spontaneous and environmental damage. One of the most catastrophic lesions in DNA is the double-strand break (DSB), which if left unrepaired can result in cell death, infertility, genome instability and cancer. Homologous recombination (HR) is a largely error-free mechanism of DSB repair that utilizes an intact sister or homologous c ...
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Transcription and the maintenance of genome integrity (TRANSINTEG)

Start date: May 1, 2011, End date: Apr 30, 2016,

Maintaining genome integrity is crucial, especially in protein-encoding genes. DNA damage in genes can give rise to harmful mutations, but it can also directly obstruct the progress of transcribing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), thereby blocking gene expression. Not surprisingly, repair pathways have evolved that specifically target lesions that stop RNAPII during its journey across a gene, so-called ...
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Epigenetics towards systems biology (EPIGENESYS)

Start date: Oct 1, 2010, End date: Mar 31, 2016,

The ‘EpiGeneSys’ Network of Excellence aims to enable European epigenetics research to enter the arena of systems biology, a new step forward with major implications for human health. Many diseases, not explained solely by gene mutation, have rather been associated with epigenetic disorders. Following the identification of key epigenetic regulators, a move towards a systems biology approach is nee ...
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