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13 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

 FINISHED 

Dark matter of the human transcriptome: Functional study of the antisense Long Noncoding RNAs and Molecular Mechanisms of Action (DARK)

Start date: Dec 1, 2014, End date: Nov 30, 2019,

98% of the human genome is non-protein coding raising the question of the role of the dark matter of the genome. It is now admitted that pervasive transcription generates thousands of noncoding transcripts that regulate gene expression and have broad impacts on development and disease. Among the long non coding (lnc)RNAs, antisense transcripts have been poorly studied despite their putative regula ...
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Phagosome functions and antigen cross presentation in primary dendritic cells (DCBIOX)

Start date: Sep 1, 2014, End date: Aug 31, 2019,

T cell cross priming (the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses to antigen that are not expressed by dendritic cells, DCs) requires the phagocytosis of antigens by DCs and their presentation on MHC class I molecules, a process referred to as “cross presentation”. Here, we propose a series of integrated approaches to address the most fundamental mechanisms of cross presentation and explore the use of ...
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Epigenetic Control of Mammalian Reproduction (EPIREPRO)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

By standing at the crossroads of generations, germ cells ensure species continuity. At the time of fertilization, the oocyte and spermatozoon carry the genetic material but also non-genetically encoded, epigenetic information. Gametic epigenetic modifications have immediate effects on gametic production and fertility. They also have long-term consequences on somatic phenotypes when transmitted to ...
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Endocytic Membrane Compartmentalization by Galectins (GALECTCOMPART)

Start date: Apr 1, 2014, End date: Mar 31, 2019,

The contribution of clathrin-independent endocytosis to the cellular entry of signaling receptors, cell adhesion factors, and other cell surface molecules is well documented. However, how this process is initiated is still unknown. We have recently found that a cellular lectin, galectin-3 (Gal3), entered cells via morphologically distinct tubular structures, so-called clathrin-independent carriers ...
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Morphogenesis of proliferative epithelial tissue (TIMORPH)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2019,

Shape is a conspicuous and fundamental property of living multicellular organisms. Questions related to embryo shape or morphogenesis have naturally haunted developmental biologists for decades. Recent advances have highlighted that the understanding of the morphogenesis of proliferative tissue will require (i) the dissection of how subcellular cytoskeleton dynamics controls cellular processes suc ...
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Long Intervening Noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs): Developmental Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Action (FLAME)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

Genome-wide studies have revealed that the majority of vertebrate genomes are transcribed and generate large numbers of long intervening noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs). While there is growing evidence that these molecules have functional importance for diverse cellular processes, such as dosage compensation, transcriptional regulation, and reprogramming, the role of lincRNAs in normal development remai ...
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From Cells to Organs on Chips: Development of an Integrative Microfluidic Platform (CELLO)

Start date: Jul 1, 2013, End date: Jun 30, 2018,

We shall develop a microfluidic and microsystems toolbox allowing the construction and study of complex cellular assemblies (“tissue or organ mimics on chip”), in a highly controlled and parallelized way. This platform will allow the selection of specific cells from one or several populations, their deterministic positioning and/or connection relative to each other, yielding functional assembl ...
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Cell migration in gut homeostasis and cancer invasion - role of microenvironment (STARLIN)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

The entire intestinal epithelium is renewed every week due to cell division in the crypts coupled with cell migration towards the villi and loss of cells by apoptosis at the tip of villi. Uncoupling cell proliferation from apoptosis and possibly from cell migration can lead to pathologies such as cancer. In carcinoma in situ, the basement membrane (BM) represents a physical barrier that prevents s ...
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Proliferation and Migration under External Constraints (PROMICO)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

Cell proliferation lies at the heart of the threat posed by tumours. It involves cellular growth, division and migration. The tissue surrounding a tumor physically limits its proliferation, which implies that cells that are able to produce effective tumour growth, as well as cells that migrate out of the original tumour, have been able to circumvent this physical limitation. Other factors in tissu ...
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Anatomical and Functional Dissection of Neural Circuits in the Zebrafish Optic Tectum (ZEBRATECTUM)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

The optic tectum has emerged as a tractable visuomotor transformer, in which anatomical and functional studies can allow a better understanding of how behavior is controlled by neuronal circuits. We plan to examine the formation and function of the visual system in zebrafish larvae using in vivo time-lapse microscopy and state-of-the-art “connectomic” and “optogenetic” approaches to monitor and pe ...
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Innate sensing of HIV and immune responses (HIVINNATE)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

Since its isolation in 1983 as a causative agent of AIDS, HIV-1 has remained an exceptional challenge. The human immune system usually ultimately fails at controlling infection by the virus. In contrast, most individuals infected with the related and poorly studied lentivirus HIV-2 do not develop AIDS. The immune response is clearly implicated in this protection, but the mechanisms are not well un ...
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Large-scale integrative biology of human dendritic cells (IT-DC)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Feb 28, 2017,

The immune system is composed of different cell types that work in a coordinated manner to maintain the integrity of the organism in situations of threats or danger. Dendritic cells (DC) act as sentinels in peripheral tissue and mucosal interfaces where they integrate a diversity of danger- and inflammation-associated stimuli, then migrate to secondary lymphoid organs, and instruct naïve CD4 T cel ...
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Regulation of Polycomb Complex (PRC2) during development and in diseases (REPODDID)

Start date: Feb 1, 2012, End date: Jan 31, 2017,

Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are pivotal for the specification and maintenance of cell identity by preventing inappropriate gene activation. They function mostly through the regulation of chromatin structure and, in particular, the post-translational modification of histones. Although the enzymatic activities of the main PcG complexes has been described, lots remain to be discovered in terms of h ...
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