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Modern lifestyle has dramatically changed the daily rhythms of life. Physical activity, diet and light exposure are no longer restricted to daytime hours, as technical and economical de-mands fuel the necessity to work outside usual working hours. Recent studies show that al-tered light exposure, shifted exercise patterns and untimely food intake following extended active periods into the night di ...

The World Health Organization reported that in 2003 cardio and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension, coronary artery disease and stroke make up to 16.7 million (29%) of total worldwide deaths (www.who.int). In Europe these diseases are responsible for 27% to 56% of total deaths and are estimated to require 53% of the total health expenditures. Despite ...