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11 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

 FINISHED 

High resolution and chemical genetic approaches to RNA silencing mechanisms (FRONTIERS OF RNAI-II)

Start date: Jul 1, 2013, End date: Jun 30, 2018,

In eukaryotes, silencing small (s)RNAs, including micro (mi)RNAs and small interfering (si)RNAs, regulate many aspects of biology, including cell differentiation, development, hormonal responses, or defense. In particular, many plant and metazoan miRNAs play crucial roles in embryonic/post-embryonic development; the precise timing and localization of their expression is thus crucial to their actio ...
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Exploring Nuclear Localization and Functions of Arabidopsis AGO1 (NUAGO1)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 29, 2016,

Plants and animals use small (s)RNA to control many developmental and physiological processes. sRNAs associate with ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins as part of RNA-induced-silencing-complexes (RISC) to regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. The major effector of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in Arabidopsis thaliana, AGO1, has been mainly implicated in ...
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Mechanisms and parameters controlling cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of plant small RNAs (MCCLDMS)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 29, 2016,

Basic processes within individual cells are integrated as part of the development and function of entire multicellular organisms. How this global coordination is achieved is a central question in biology. Plants use silencing small (s)RNA to control physiological and defensive processes at both the cellular and organismal levels by trafficking sRNAs from cell-to-cell through plasmodesmata and over ...
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Deciphering small RNA mechanisms during sexual reproduction in Arabidopsis (SRSR)

Start date: Apr 1, 2013, End date: Jul 29, 2015,

Sexual reproduction is a key moment in many organisms’ life cycle that ensures the proper inheritance of traits and also allows adaptation. In both plants and metazoans, reproduction entails the complex coordination of gene expression between the different tissues involved. For example, intricate modifications of epigenetic landscapes occur during and around fertilzation to ensure zygotic totipote ...
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Biochemical characterization of RNA silencing mechanisms and their alteration by viral proteins in plant cell-free systems (TiPTGSVSR)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2015,

Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a form of small (s)RNA-mediated gene regulation with important roles in development, stress responses, and antiviral defense in plants. PTGS effectors, called RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs), have ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins bound to single-stranded (ss) guide sRNAs as core components. RISCs recognize target RNA displaying complementarity to guide ...
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Genetic, biochemical and cell biological mechanisms of virus silencing in plants (MeViSP)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2015,

RNA silencing pathways exist in most eukaryotes and regulate endogenes to integrate development and environmental responses, and protect organisms against foreign nucleic acids including viruses and transposons. In plants, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) duplexes of 21-24bp are produced from double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) precursors by Dicer-like RNaseIII enzymes (DCL1-4). Selected ...
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Characterization of the interactions and modifications affecting AtAGO1 function (AgoIM)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2015,

Silencing small RNAs (sRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in the most diverse aspects of plant physiology, including development, response to biotic and abiotic stresses, genome stability and also defense against pathogens. sRNA originate from double-strand RNAs (dsRNAs), which are processed by DICER LIKE enzymes (DCLs) to 19-24 nucleotide long sRNAs. These molecules are then loaded ...
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Deciphering RNAi machineries required for miRNAs Cell-to-Cell Transfer in Mammals (DRiMTiM)

Start date: Jul 1, 2012, End date: Jun 30, 2014,

Small RNAs are key post-transcriptional regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. Among the most fascinating aspects of small RNAs is their ability to cross cell boundaries owing to their non-cell-autonomy. Recently, the host laboratory demonstrated that 21-24bp siRNAs could act as mobile silencing signals in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, in C. Elegans, systemic silencing requires SID1, a transmembr ...
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Argonaute-associated factors required for translational repression in plant RNA silencing (ASTRiR)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Mar 31, 2014,

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. In plants, most miRNAs associate with AGO1 as part of RNA-induced-silencing-complexes (RISC) to regulate target mRNAs via perfectly or near-perfecly miRNA-complementarity sites. These sites differ from those found in metazoan miRNA target transcripts, where extensive mis-pairing prevents endonucleolytic clea ...
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Deciphering post-translational control of Argonautes and their effects on small RNA homeostasis (PASRNA) (PASRNA)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Mar 31, 2014,

"Argonaute (AGO) proteins are integral components of most small RNA silencing pathways in plants and metazoans. Previous studies in both model systems have demonstrated an inherent link between AGO levels and the steady state expression of global populations of miRNAs, strongly suggesting a layer of homeostatic control. In an effort to understand this phenomenon, we have set out on, a series of ex ...
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The role of RNA silencing in immunity and development in eukaryotes (FRONTIERS OF RNAI)

Start date: Aug 1, 2008, End date: Jul 31, 2012,

RNA silencing is a pan-eukaryotic gene regulation process that involves RNA molecules 19-30nt in length. These molecules are produced by RNAse-III proteins in the Dicer family and engage into sequence-specific regulation of complementary DNA or RNA upon their incorporation into effector complexes. RNA silencing serves essential roles in biology but the molecular bases of its mechanisms are still p ...
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