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Plastics tanks are normally designed for a finite life, usually between 15 and 25 years. However, due to economic pressure many of these tanks are still in operation beyond their design life, often with little or no engineering justification. It is also not uncommon for plastics tanks to be used for storing chemicals that they were not designed to contain. For these reasons it is important that op ...

"Biofouling is the adhesion of biological materials to hard surfaces, such as ship hulls, in a marine environment and it can commence within seconds of the immersion of a ship’s hull in the sea. After 6 months without protection against marine fouling deposits, biofouling growth increases the drag on a hull so much as to cause a ship to use up to 40% more fuel and correspondingly to produce 40% m ...