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Background Heterogeneous glass-based waste is a growing problem in Europe. In 2008, 25.5 billion glass bottles and jars, and almost 11.5 million tonnes of glass packaging were collected in the EU27. Properly sorted glass waste can be re-melted to produce new glass products, or for use in secondary markets, including in the production of ceramics, insulati ...

Background Ceramic tile production consumes large quantities of non-renewable materials, including sand, feldspars, alumina, zirconia, mullite and clay. Substantial amounts of water are also used, particular in the milling of raw materials and to finish the fired tiles. To produce 1 000 square metres of tiles, between 8-18 cubic metres of water are needed ...