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Background Eutrophication can occur when a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients - phosphates and nitrates – from agricultural, industrial and urban effluents. The nutrients can cause excessive growth of simple organisms such as algae, blocking out light from the water and leading to the depletion of available oxygen through the decom ...

Background Emissions of sulphur oxides can cause acid rain as well as human health problems. To combat this threat, the EU has introduced a several directives: Directives 2001/81/EC, covering national emissions ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants; Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions; and Directive 93/12/EC relating to the sulphur content ...