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Over 40 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

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Decoding Lights from Exotic Worlds (ExoLights)

Start date: May 1, 2014, End date: Apr 30, 2019,

It is now accepted that exoplanets are ubiquitous. However little is known about those planets we have detected beyond the fact they exist and their location. For a minority, we know their weight, size and orbital parameters. For less than twenty, we have some clues about their atmospheric temperature and composition. How do we progress from here?We are still far from a hypothetical Hertzsprung–Ru ...
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The histone H3.3 variant in brain cancer pathogenesis (H3.3CANCER)

Start date: May 1, 2014, End date: Apr 30, 2019,

Epigenetic reprogramming is a hallmark of brain cancer. Remarkably, driver mutations of the histone H3.3 variant and its loading machinery have been recently found in paediatric glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a devastating neoplasm originating from transformed neural precursors. Thus, the very basic building blocks of chromatin can be mutated in cancer.The present challenge is to define at which l ...
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Rethinking Urban Nature (RUN)

Start date: May 1, 2014, End date: Apr 30, 2019,

This ground-breaking project will challenge existing understandings of urban nature using an innovative interdisciplinary framework in a comparative international context. The project provides a new theoretical approach that moves beyond existing approaches to provide a novel synthesis between advances in urban ecology and original insights into cultural and political dimensions to the production ...
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Towards a molecular-level understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation (HeteroIce)

Start date: Apr 1, 2014, End date: Mar 31, 2019,

Ice formation is one of the most common phase transitions on Earth. It is relevant to an enormous variety of phenomena such as weathering, cloud formation, airline safety, agriculture, and energy. However, despite having been studied since antiquity, our molecular level understanding of ice formation is largely incomplete. In particular, almost all ice formation in nature is aided by impurities or ...
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Specificity of translational control during unfolded protein response (TRANSLATE)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2019,

Unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated by multiple types of cellular stress, and can promote either cell survival or apoptosis. The balance between these opposing outcomes is delicately regulated, and when lost, contributes to diverse diseases. UPR enables cells to halt general translation, while inducing translation and transcription of specific mRNAs that escape repression. Even though the ...
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Characterisation and Manipulation of Primate Lentiviral Interactions with Innate Immunity (HIVINNATE)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

Our aim is to seek detailed molecular level understanding of the interactions between HIV-1 and innate immune sensors expressed in myeloid cells. We have demonstrated that HIV-1 replicates in primary human macrophages without triggering interferon production. However, by specific mutation of HIV-1 proteins or by manipulating interaction with host cofactors we can reveal the virus to innate immune ...
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Urban Waves: evaluating structure vulnerability to tsunami and earthquakes (UrbanWaves)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

Exposure to coastal floods across the world is forecast to increase to 150 million people and £20 trillion in assets by 2070 (>9% of projected annual global GDP). In addition to cities, potentially vulnerable assets include key infrastructure such as nuclear power plants and ports: the recent Japan earthquake and tsunami demonstrating this. Urban Waves will fill the gap in the engineering design a ...
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Virtual Centre of Excellence for Research in Violent Online Political Extremism (VOX-Pol)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

VOX-Pol is a 60-month, €5+ million project that integrates the world’s leading researchers and research groups in Violent Online Political Extremism (VOPE), to include those researching the intersection of terrorism and the Internet (incl. violent jihadists, violent separatists, etc.), the online activities of the extreme Right, the potential for violent online radicalisation, etc., in order to:1. ...
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Understanding the Origin of Cosmic Structure (COSMICDAWN)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

The early universe is a “laboratory” for testing physics at very high energies, up to a trillion times greater than the energies reached by the Large Hadron Collider. The origin of structure in the universe is deeply tied to this extreme physics, which is imprinted in the primordial ripples seen in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). CMB data have thus far led the way in constraining early univ ...
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Ensuring the Integrity of the European food chain (FOODINTEGRITY)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

Food Integrity “the state of being whole, entire, or undiminished or in perfect condition”.Providing assurance to consumers and other stakeholders about the safety, authenticity and quality of European food (integrity) is of prime importance in adding value to the European Agri-food economy. The integrity of European foods is under constant threat from fraudulently labelled imitations that try to ...
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Generation of stem cell derived photoreceptors for the treatment and modelling of retinal degeneration (STEMRD)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2018,

"Retinal degenerations leading to loss of photoreceptors are a major cause of untreatable blindness in the EU. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects 1 in 10 people over 60 yrs. Currently no treatments restore lost photoreceptor cells and visual function and thus there is a need for new therapeutic approaches. We have shown previously that transplantation of rod precursor cells at a specif ...
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Structure-Aware Geometry Processing (SmartGeometry)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2018,

Geometric data is now ubiquitous. Such 3D content is either acquired using LiDAR scans, MRI scans, etc., or created using 3D modelers, or obtained as output of simulation processes. The data, however, come in low-level representations (e.g., points, polygons, voxel grids) and begets little understanding of the underlying objects or processes. This is unfortunate since such data have significant re ...
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Fundamental Studies to Enable the Environmentally Conscious Application of Hydraulic Fracturing in Shale Formations (FraccingFundamentals)

Start date: Oct 1, 2014, End date: Sep 30, 2018,

The PI, Striolo, in 2012 organised a workshop on 'hydraulic fracturing'. The workshop was supported by the US National Science Foundation, with the goal of identifying the fundamental phenomena, in particular those that occur at the interface between liquids and rocks, which at present remain unknown and which, once completely understood, could help us understand in depth the technology of hydraul ...
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Theory of Mantle, Core and Technological Materials (ToMCaT)

Start date: Sep 1, 2013, End date: Aug 31, 2018,

I propose to work full time on this ERC Advanced project to predict properties of Earth and technological materials using fundamental physics, spending half of my time at University College London, building a research group, and educating students and post-docs. I compute properties of minerals and melts to better understand them, and estimate properties when data are unavailable. The latter has b ...
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The role of CpG island RNAs and Polycomb-RNA interactions in developmental gene regulation (CHROMATINRNA)

Start date: Sep 1, 2013, End date: Aug 31, 2018,

A great challenge in developmental biology research has been to understand how cell type specific expression programs are orchestrated through regulated access to chromatin. The interaction between non-coding RNAs and chromatin regulators is emerging as an exciting new research area with the potential to explain how chromatin modifications are targeted.Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) modifies ...
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The evolution of simplicity: comparative morphology, embryology and genomics of Xenacoelomorpha, the fourth phylum of deuterostome (XENOTURBELLA)

Start date: Jun 1, 2013, End date: May 31, 2018,

Understanding the origins and evolution of the highly diverse body plans of the ~30 distinct phlya that make up the animal Kingdom is a major programme in biology. Recent research in my lab has demonstrated the existence of a new phylum of animals with a unique bodyplan - the Xenacoelomorpha - whose evolutionary origins are particularly surprising and highly contentious.Our work has elevated thes ...
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The Dynamics of Migration and Economic Adjustment (DMEA)

Start date: Jun 1, 2013, End date: May 31, 2018,

The research proposed here is concerned with the dynamics of immigrant impacts and the process of economic adaptation in receiving societies. The immigration process is inherently dynamic: many new immigrants return home within a short time; and those that remain undergo a long term series of investments and behavioural changes that gradually alter the way that they interact with the economy of th ...
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Human Volition, Agency and Responsibility (HUMVOL)

Start date: Jun 1, 2013, End date: May 31, 2018,

At the heart of human nature lies the idea of a free agent, whose conscious thoughts and decisions motivate their voluntary actions, and who is therefore responsible for what they do. Voluntary actions can be defined as actions that an individual agent generates internally, rather than in response to any environmental event. However, the concept of voluntary action remains controversial, and lac ...
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Signal Formation in Synaptic Circuits with Astroglia (NETSIGNAL)

Start date: Jun 1, 2013, End date: May 31, 2018,

In the past decade, astroglia have emerged as an active and critical partner in neural circuit communication in the brain, in health and disease. However, the increasing variety of mechanisms which reportedly contribute to astroglia-neuron signal exchange is nearing a conceptual bottleneck. How these multiple and diverse mechanisms relate to the functional organisation of astroglia, whether this r ...
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Testing the Dark Energy Paradigm and Measuring Neutrino Mass with the Dark Energy Survey (TESTDE)

Start date: May 1, 2012, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

One of the greatest mysteries in the whole of science is that 75% of the Universe appears to be made of an enigmatic ‘Dark Energy’. A further 21% of the Universe is made from invisible ‘Cold Dark Matter’ that can only be detected through its gravitational effects, with the ordinary atomic matter making up only 4% of the total cosmic budget. These discoveries require a shift in our perception. I pl ...
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Embodied Minds and Mentalised Bodies (BODILY SELF)

Start date: Apr 1, 2013, End date: Mar 31, 2018,

"How does our acting, sensing and feeling body shape our mind? The mechanisms by which bodily signals are integrated and re-represented in the brain, as well as the relation between these processes and body awareness remain unknown. To this date, neuropsychological disorders of body awareness represent an indispensible window of insight into phenomenally rich states of body unawareness. Unfortunat ...
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Spectroscopy of positronium: atom control and gravity measurements (SPECTRO-POS)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

"The metastable atomic system Positronium (Ps) can be useful for a wide variety of scientific investigations. These include QED tests via precision spectroscopy, the formation of antihydrogen, the creation of positron-atom bound states and Ps molecules, probes of nano-porous and mesoporous materials, the generation of electron-positron plasmas and even the creation of Bose-Einstein condensed Ps. M ...
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The inherent morphological potential of the actin cortex and the mechanics of shape control during cell division (MORPHOCORDIV)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

The shape of animal cells is primarily determined by the cellular cortex, a cross-linked network of actin and myosin lying directly beneath the plasma membrane. Although it is increasingly clear that the study of cell mechanics is essential to understand cellular morphogenesis, the physical properties of the cortex are poorly understood. Our previous study on the mechanics of cytokinesis identifie ...
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"Human Rights Beyond Borders: The extraterritorial application of international human rights law - comparative legal, historical and theoretical approaches" (HUBBOR)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

"This project will provide detailed, comprehensive, independent and authoritative explanation and critical appraisal of the extraterritorial application of human rights law, covering both civil and political rights and economic social and cultural rights, including the right to development. It will do this through analysis of both the law itself, and the cognate theoretical ideas and historical c ...
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Directed evolution of a synthetic episome based on hexitol nucleic acids (HNA) (HNAEPISOME)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

A long term goal of synthetic biology is the assembly of a cell from its individual components. A genetic element based on synthetic nucleic acids capable of stable propagation, a synthetic episome, is the minimal genetic element required for the systematic development of all cellular components of a synthetic organism based on artificial nucleic acids. Recent progress in DNA polymerase engineerin ...
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Calendars in late Antiquity and the Middle Ages: standardization and fixation (CALENDARS)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

This project will study how calendars evolved in late antique and medieval societies towards ever increasing standardization and fixation. The study of calendars has been neglected by historians as a technical curiosity; but in fact, the calendar was at the heart of ancient and medieval culture, as a structured concept of time, and as an organizing principle of social life.The history of calendars ...
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Regulation of neuronal connectivity and plasticity by activity-dependent mitochondrial trafficking to synapses (FUELLINGSYNAPSES)

Start date: Feb 1, 2012, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

Regulated trafficking of mitochondria is essential for providing ATP at the correct spatial location to power neural computation, and for providing calcium buffering at sites of calcium entry or release. In neurons, the concentration of mitochondria in specific regions such as growth cones and synapses is important for correct neuronal function and development. Moreover mutations in proteins regul ...
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What makes our subjective perception of the world unique? (WMOSPOTWU)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

We commonly assume that our perception of the world is constant and seamless. This intuition belies the dramatic differences in the perceived quality of a stimulus even within the same individual when it is shown at different spatial locations or different times. Conventional studies of perception treat such unique patterns of perceptual variability as noise and seek to eliminate them by averaging ...
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Neurobiological basis of collective decision making in the human brain (NEUROCODEC)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

We continually interact with each other & share information to make decisions together as friends, families, committees, juries, interest groups and institutions. The question of how collective decisions are made dates back many centuries and has been vigorously studied in social psychology and political economics, but the biological basis of collective decision making in human brain is almost ent ...
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A Multiscale Simulation-Based Design Platform for Cost-Effective CO2 Capture Processes using Nano-Structured Materials (NanoSim) (NanoSim)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

The objective of the NanoSim project is to create an efficient and cost effective multi-scale simulation platform based on free and open-source codes. This platform will connect models spanning a wide range of scales from the atomic scale through the particle and cluster scales, the industrial equipment scale and the full system scale.To support the information flow and data sharing between differ ...
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Alcohol Consumption across the Life-course: Determinants and Consequences (ALCOHOLLIFECOURSE)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

The epidemiology of alcohol use and related health consequences plays a vital role by monitoring populations’ alcohol consumption patterns and problems associated with drinking. Such studies seek to explain mechanisms linking consumption to harm and ultimately to reduce the health burden. Research needs to consider changes in drinking behaviour over the life-course. The current evidence base lacks ...
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Molecular photoacoustic imaging during ultrasound-guided interventions (MOPHIM)

Start date: Dec 1, 2012, End date: Nov 30, 2017,

"During minimally invasive procedures, accurate identification of tissue targets is of critical importance to maximise clinical outcomes. Ultrasound imaging is widely used for real-time guidance, but in many clinical contexts it provides inadequate contrast for tissue targets. The overall objective of this translational research proposal is to develop and test a novel framework for guiding minimal ...
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Gain controls in parallel visual pathways of the mouse (PVPITM)

Start date: Dec 1, 2013, End date: Nov 30, 2017,

Research in neurophysiology has identified potentially canonical mechanisms and circuits that are repeated across multiple brain regions. A classic example of a canonical computation is gain control,which in sensory pathways allows neurons to adapt their dynamic range to the statistics of the local environment. Gain control has been most studied in the visual pathway, where it helps make neurons s ...
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High-End cLimate Impacts and eXtremes (HELIX)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

"With the target of limiting global warming to 2ºC increasingly difficult to achieve, policymakers, businesses and other decision-makers need to plan to adapt to changes in climate under higher levels of global warming. This requires coherent information on the future climate conditions, and the consequences of different adaptation actions. International negotiations on limiting global warming a ...
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Optimal Imaging with Present and Future Coherent X-ray Sources (OPTIMAX)

Start date: Nov 1, 2011, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

The rapid development of high-brilliance X-ray sources in the last decade has opened the way to extremely powerful imaging modalities. Third generation synchrotron sources and newly built X-ray free-electron lasers offer a very high flux and can produce X-ray beams with excellent coherence properties. Imaging techniques that rely on the coherence of the incoming field can give access to phase cont ...
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Hidden role of the meiotic chromosomal bouquet (HRMCB)

Start date: Nov 1, 2011, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

Organisms diversify and propagate their genomes throughout successive generations through the process of meiosis. Understanding the process of meiosis is important, as defects in meiosis are a major cause of miscarriages in humans. In meiotic prophase, telomeres gather near the microtubule organizing-center (MTOC) to form the so-called ‘bouquet’ structure. The extraordinary conservation of the bou ...
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European network for innovative microbioreactor applications in bioprocess development (EUROMBR)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

"The objective is to deliver a trans-European network of industrially oriented specialists fully trained in the development and application of microbioreactor (MBR) technology to support development of innovative bio-based manufacturing processes. The specialistis will be trained by leaders in the field and with state of the art equipment and methodologies. MBRs are a promising tool for screening ...
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Nanometrology Standardization Methods for Magnetic Nanoparticles (NANOMAG)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

The NanoMag project is to improve and redefine existing analyzing methods and in some cases, to develop new analyzing methods for magnetic nanostructures. Using improved manufacturing technologies we will synthesize magnetic nanoparticles with specific properties that will be analyzed with a multitude of characterization techniques (focusing on both structural as well as magnetic properties) and b ...
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An international network on new strategies for processing calcium phosphates (REFINED STEP)

Start date: Nov 1, 2013, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

The next generation calcium phosphates demand refined processing routes for capturing the full potential of this elite class of materials. Calcium phosphates are unique with their potential to accept replacement ions in the structure, be processed through intermediate phases, and modify their crystal structure. This project will a) investigate the formation of high temperature processing in a radi ...
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Scaling-up multiphase microchemical reactors (MicroToMilli)

Start date: Oct 1, 2013, End date: Oct 25, 2017,

The aim of chemical engineering and its unit operations is to transform raw materials into products (e.g. commodity and specialty chemicals like pharmaceuticals). However, motivated by the awareness of the world’s finite resources, it is desirable that these products are obtained in a sustainable, efficient and environmentally acceptable fashion, which means minimising waste and energy use, and ma ...
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