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Background The excessive use of chemical de-icers for winter road maintenance can lead to severe environmental damage and jeopardise the protection of natural ecosystems close to busy roads. Several studies have demonstrated already that road salt has a negative impact on the surrounding environment – with short- and long-term damage to aquatic systems, ...

Background Italy is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 6.5% under the terms of the Kyoto Protocol. Road transportation is one of the most important areas to address to reach this goal. In congested commercial areas like Bologna, extensive road works are adding to traffic overload. Car exhaust emissions are related to the number of circulati ...