Search for European Projects

17 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

 FINISHED 

Functional Brain Tractography (F-TRACT)

Start date: Aug 1, 2014, End date: Jul 31, 2019,

"Single-pulse direct electrical stimulation of cortical regions in patients suffering from focal drug-resistant epilepsy who are explored using intracranial electrodes induces electrophysiological responses. Such cortico-cortical induced potentials can be used to infer functional and anatomical brain connectivity.We will develop methods to analyse those responses using neuroimaging tools in order ...
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Deciphering cytosolic antibacterial immunity: from triggering bacteriolysis to Aim2 inflammasome activation (CytoBacLysis)

Start date: Nov 1, 2012, End date: Oct 31, 2018,

Bacteria replicating within host cells either multiply in membrane-bound compartment or escape into the host cytosol. The host cytosol has long been considered as a safe haven for bacteria. However, the host cytosol is armed with an array of innate immune receptors detecting cytosolic invasion. Furthermore, the macrophage cytosol displays a bacteriolytic activity, which is inducible by IFN. Surpri ...
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Identification of alternative splicing networks defining embryonic stem cell identity (SPLICE-STEM)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

"Adult, embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) possess the fundamental properties to self-renew while remaining pluripotent. These unique capacities are regulated by gene networks which expression is tightly controlled at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels to insure proper stem cell fate decisions in response to developmental or environmen ...
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 1

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Environmentally-induced Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (E-DOHAD)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

The DOHaD (Developmental Origins of Health and Disease) hypothesis states that, because of developmental plasticity, in utero and early postnatal stressors can increase chronic disease risk in childhood and later. Alterations of epigenetic marks, impacting on gene expression, are one mechanism that could explain such long-term impact. These hypotheses have so far been tested mostly in animals, and ...
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 2

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Differentiation and role of Natural Killer cell subsets (DIRONAKI)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

"NK cells are innate lymphocytes that play a role in the early response against intracellular pathogens and against tumors. Several NK cell subsets have been described in peripheral organs that correspond to discrete stages of in vivo maturation. How NK cells differentiate from early precursors and what are the specific functions of each NK cell subset are unresolved issues. Here, we propose a thr ...
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 FINISHED 

Competition between bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of auditory attention: neurophysiological and physiopathological mechanisms of distractibility (DISTRACTIBILITY)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Feb 29, 2016,

Attention is the brain function by which we, voluntarily or not, improve the processing of specific information in our environment while other information is disregarded. In principle, the entry of information to the limited-capacity system is controlled by two types of processes: top-down (TD) and bottom-up (BU) processes. TD attention enables the good performance of an on-going task by selecting ...
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Neuronal NanoCarbon Interfacing Structures (NeuroCare)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Feb 28, 2015,

NeuroCare aims to create better retinal, cortical and cochlear implantable devices through the use of improved interfacing between the electronic implants and living cells. The NeuroCare concept involves low-cost, carbon-based materials, well-adapted for medical implants, because they (i) offer wide range of electronic properties (metal, semiconductor and insulator), (ii) are bio-inert and (iii) a ...
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Cell biology of inflammasome activation in macrophages infected with Francisella (InflaFran)

Start date: Jan 15, 2011, End date: Jan 14, 2015,

The inflammasome is an innate immune signalling pathway that is key to fight infections. Inflammasome activation leads to caspase-1 activation, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and host cell death. Inflammation and cell death can be deleterious for the host and the inflammasome has been involved in numerous inflammatory syndromes. Despite its key importance in the immune responses to infect ...
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Molecular Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Neutralization and Entry For the Development of Novel Antiviral Immunopreventive Strategies (HEPCENT)

Start date: Apr 1, 2009, End date: Dec 31, 2014,

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of chronic liver disease world-wide. HCV-induced end-stage liver disease such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma represent a major concern in global health. Treatment options for chronic hepatitis C are limited and no vaccine against HCV infection is available. Vaccine development is hampered by several obstacles. High viral variabi ...
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 2

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Regulatory effects of mindfulness meditation on attention and epilepsy: behavioral, clinical, and neuronal correlates (Attention Regulation)

Start date: Nov 1, 2010, End date: Oct 31, 2014,

Mindfulness meditation is a standard form of meditation that intends to enhance qualities of concentration and meta-cognitive monitoring. Mindfulness meditation has been adapted and routinely incorporated in the American and European healthcare systems for the purpose of stress reduction and emotion regulation, particularly among clinical populations with anxiety, depression, chronic pain, and man ...
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Hepatitis C virus virion-bound proteins: identification in clinical samples and in vitro dissection of their importance in the viral life cycle (HCV-bound proteins)

Start date: Jul 1, 2010, End date: Jun 30, 2014,

The emergence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has prompted a search for a thorough understanding of the biology of one of its major causative agents, the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Half of genotype 1 patients, the most numerous in Europe, do not respond to treatment, putting them at risk for cirrhosis and HCC. HCV particles acquire via budding and encapsidation cellular proteins. There is mounting ...
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Prefrontal and cingulate interactions in cognitive control: reversible inactivation and electrocorticograms (Reversible Cognition)

Start date: Mar 1, 2012, End date: Feb 28, 2014,

An important feature of human cognition is its remarkable flexibility. Cognitive control refers to processes that allow behaviour to vary adaptively depending on current goals. Understanding it is therefore fundamental to knowing how our behaviour can be adapted and flexible. Deficits in cognitive control, and imbalances in related neurotransmitters such as dopamine, are associated with a number o ...
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RNA and Epigenetics: RNAi-Driven Chromatin Modifications (RNAiEpiMod)

Start date: Jan 1, 2009, End date: Dec 31, 2013,

RNA interference (RNAi) mediates chromatin modifications in fungi, plants, drosophila and vertebrates. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, where the molecular mechanisms are the most detailed, it is believed that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) guide the RNA-Induced Transcriptional Silencing (RITS) complex to specific chromatin regions to trigger formation of heterochromatin. Although ...
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 1

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Role of Notch-dependent Neurone-glia signalling in sleep and brain function (INSOMNOTCH)

Start date: Mar 1, 2010, End date: Nov 30, 2013,

"Sleep disruption leads to cognitive impairments, mood disorders and metabolic dysregulations demonstrating the critical importance of sleep in human health. In addition, sleep disorders such as insomnia are highly prevalent in the general population with major medical and societal consequences. Despite decades of research, the cellular and molecular processes by which sleep maintains normal brain ...
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Virtual Physiological Human Network of Excellence (VPH NoE)

Start date: Jun 1, 2008, End date: May 31, 2013,

Description The Virtual Physiological Human Network of Excellence (VPH NoE), 2008-2013, served as a rallying point and source of best-practice information for the VPH community.  This role has now has been passed to the VPH Institute (http://www.vph-institute.org/).  The tools and educational/outreach materials developed by the VPH NoE – and ...
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Self-Constructing Computing Systems (SECO)

Start date: Mar 1, 2008, End date: Feb 28, 2013,

Although the density and speed of integrated circuits has grown exponentially during the last decades, so too have costs of fabrication and test facilities. Current computational methods depend on completely reliable hardware, a constraint that greatly increases the degree of fabrication precision required to avoid failure of individual components, and also increases the amount of post-fabrication ...
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 7

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Biochemically Equivalent Substitutive Technology for Stem Cells (BEST-Stem cells)

Start date: Jul 1, 2009, End date: Dec 31, 2012,

Current technology to control embryonic and adult stem cell behaviour is dependent on conventional in vitro culture systems and crude factors such as serum and purified proteins, often sourced from vertebrate animal tissue. These factors contribute to variations in cell properties and differentiation potential which impact on the efficacy of cell culture. More worryingly these factors are potentia ...
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