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Over 40 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

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Frontiers in Quantum Materials Control (Q-MAC)

Start date: Oct 1, 2013, End date: Sep 30, 2019,

The overarching goal of the present proposal is to exploit materials design, coherent optical methods and multiple theoretical approaches to deterministically control ordered states of strongly correlated electron materials, also referred to as “quantum” or “complex” materials. The underlying ideas can be applied to vast number of problems in materials physics, but the stated goal is that of optim ...
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Metabolic actions of brain leptin receptors signaling in type 1 diabetes (LifeWithoutInsulin)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

An established dogma is that insulin is absolutely required for survival. This notion has been supported by the fact that the sole life-saving intervention available to the millions affected by type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM; an illness caused by pancreatic β-cell loss and hence insulin deficiency) is insulin therapy. This treatment however does not restore normal metabolic homeostasis. In fact, t ...
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Optical dissection of cortical motor circuits (OPTOMOT)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

"The motor cortex plays a key role in learning and orchestrating fine voluntary movements, which dominate many aspects of our daily lives.Despite decades of research, considerable controversy remains over the functional organization of this forebrain area and its role in goal directed action. In this project we will combine cutting edge in vivo two-photon imaging, decoding methods and optogenetic ...
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Morphogenetic growth control by time derivatives of signaling (MORPHOGEN)

Start date: May 1, 2014, End date: Apr 30, 2019,

How do naïve cells in a developing tissue know when to divide and when to stop dividing when the tissue reaches its final size? How do they acquire information about their position to generate morphological patterns? Morphogen gradients have been shown to control pattern formation and growth. While the mechanisms of patterning are starting to be understood, the mechanism of growth by morphogens is ...
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TOR and Cellular Homeostasis (TORCH)

Start date: Apr 1, 2014, End date: Mar 31, 2019,

"The Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) proteins are ser/thr kinases conserved in Eukarya. They nucleate two distinct multiprotein complexes, named TORC1 and TORC2, which regulate many, widely varying, aspects of cell and organism physiology. TOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin and derivatives, are used clinically to treat cancer, cardio-vasculature disease and to prevent organ rejection.We recently reporte ...
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Macroscopic Entanglement in Crystals (MEC)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

"Quantum theory is often presented as the theory of the microscopic world. However, over the last decade, things have changed dramatically. Today one can envision manipulating large quantum systems, while mastering individual degrees of freedom. It is thus timely to ask entirely new questions on the quantum/classical transition and to support these by experimental investigations of large entanglem ...
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From maps to principles: Syntactic cartography and locality in adult grammars and language acquisition (SynCart)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

The project aims to break new ground in syntax and acquisition by combining three main strands of research:1. The cartography of syntactic structures, which attempts to draw detailed maps of syntactic configurations.2. The theory of syntactic locality, with special reference to intervention and delimitation principles.3. The minimalist investigation of the fundamental ingredients of syntactic comp ...
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"Moduli of flat connections, planar networks and associators" (MODFLAT)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

"The project lies at the crossroads between three different topics in Mathematics: moduli spaces of flat connections on surfaces in Differential Geometry and Topology, the Kashiwara-Vergne problem and Drinfeld associators in Lie theory, and combinatorics of planar networks in the theory of Total Positivity.The time is ripe to establish deep connections between these three theories. The main factor ...
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Complex analysis and statistical physics (COMPASP)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

"The goal of this project is to achieve breakthroughs in a few fundamental questions in 2D statistical physics, using techniques from complex analysis, probability, dynamical systems, geometric measure theory and theoretical physics.Over the last decade, we significantly expanded our understanding of 2D lattice models of statistical physics, their conformally invariant scaling limits and related r ...
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Memory B cell immunity in chronic viral infection (IMMUNIBY)

Start date: Sep 1, 2013, End date: Aug 31, 2018,

This project aims for a quantum leap in the understudied area of memory B cell immunity to chronic viral infection. It provides i) a landscape analysis of primary and memory B cell responses to chronic viral challenge, ii) investigates receptor hypermutation of memory B cells for broadened protection against viral escape variants, and iii) studies the role of memory CD4+ T cells in augmenting memo ...
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A novel two-step model for neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (2STEPPARKIN)

Start date: Jun 1, 2013, End date: May 31, 2018,

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder primarily caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Despite the advances in gene discovery associated with PD, the knowledge of the PD pathogenesis is largely limited to the involvement of these genes in the generic cell death pathways, and why degeneration is specific to D ...
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From Forest to Farmland and Meadow to Metropolis: What Role for Humans in Explaining the Enigma of Holocene CO2 and Methane Concentrations? (COEVOLVE)

Start date: May 1, 2013, End date: Apr 30, 2018,

"The Holocene record of atmospheric CO2 and methane concentrations is an enigma. Concentrations of both gases increased from the beginning of the epoch 11,700 years ago to about 10,000 BP, then declined for several thousand years, but by 6000 BP, concentrations of both gases were steadily increasing again. This mid-late Holocene rise in greenhouse gases is unusual; similar patterns are not observe ...
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Mesocorticolimbic System: functional anatomy, drug-evoked synaptic plasticity & behavioral correlates of Synaptic Inhibition (MeSSI)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

The mesocorticolimbic (MCL) system, extending from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex, comprises a dopamine (DA) projection implicated in reinforcement learning. The MCL system is the target of addictive substances and of drug-evoked synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism that may underlie the adaptive, pathological behaviors that occur after repeate ...
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Identity and functions of polyphosphate polymerases in eukaryotes (EUROPolYps)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a linear polymer of dozens to thousands of orthophosphate units, has been found in virtually every pro- and eukaryotic cell. PolyP regulates blood clotting, inflammation and bone formation in humans, symbiotic interactions in plants and stress responses in bacteria. The molecular functions of this high-energy polymer however remain largely enigmatic and its synthes ...
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Mechanical Understanding of Membrane Fission in Endocytosis and Cytokinesis (MEMFIS)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

"The envelope of living cell is a lipid membrane. It is rather difficult to break, to ensure cell survival when under mechanical stress. However, in many events of cell life, the membrane needs to be broken in a controlled manner. It is the case in Endocytosis, when membrane carriers budding from the plasma membrane need to be separated from the plasma membrane, in order to uptake external compone ...
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UV-B perception and signalling by the UVR8 photoreceptor (UV-B Perception)

Start date: Dec 1, 2012, End date: Nov 30, 2017,

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) is a key environmental signal that is specifically perceived by plants and promotes UV acclimation and survival in sunlight. We discovered recently that the Arabidopsis UVR8 protein is absolutely required for UV-B acclimation and functions as the major UV-B photoreceptor in plants: UVR8 dimer perception of UV-B photons leads to monomerization and direct interaction with the E3 ...
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Laser Filamentation for Probing and Controlling Atmospheric Processes (FilAtmo)

Start date: Jul 1, 2012, End date: Jun 30, 2017,

The prevention of damaging weather phenomena like floods, hail and lightning strikes has been a dream for centuries. We propose a highly innovative approach relying on laser filaments for both triggering and guiding lightning and produce water condensation in the atmosphere. Filaments are self-sustained light strings of typ. 100 um diameter and hundreds of meters length in air, bear very high inte ...
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Oncogene-Induced DNA Damage in Cancer (ONIDDAC)

Start date: May 1, 2012, End date: Apr 30, 2017,

I recently proposed a model that helps explain the presence of p53 mutations and genomic instability in human cancers (Nature, 2005; Nature 2006; Science 2008). The key features of this model are that oncogenes induce DNA replication stress, which in turn leads to DNA double-strand breaks, genomic instability and p53-induced senescence or apoptosis. This model is relevant for almost all cancer typ ...
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Bridging Non-Equilibrium Problems: From the Fourier Law to Gene Expression (BRIDGES)

Start date: Apr 1, 2012, End date: Mar 31, 2017,

"My goal is to study several important open mathematical problems in non-equilibrium (NEQ) systems and to build a bridge between these problems and NEQ aspects of soft sciences, in particular biological questions. Traffic on this bridge is going to be two-way, the mathematics carrying a long history as a language of science towards the soft sciences, and the soft sciences fruitfully asking new que ...
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Molecular Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interface (ERMITO)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2016,

"Organelles are not randomly organized in the cytoplasm of the cell, but often are orderly arranged in mutual relationships that depend on physical, protein bounds. Understanding the molecular nature of the tethers that regulate relative position and juxtaposition of the organelles is one of the main quests of cell biology, given their functional importance. For example, the juxtaposition between ...
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Role of Professional and Non-professional Antigen Presenting Cells In Autoimmunity and Cancer (pROsPeCT)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2016,

Immunological tolerance to self is essential in the prevention of autoimmune disease. Although central tolerance is remarkably efficient, potentially autoaggressive T cells can reach the periphery. Peripheral mechanisms of tolerance induction are therefore required to protect peripheral tissues from autoimmune attack. The two main types of dendritic cells (DC) are conventional DC (cDC) and plasmac ...
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Population transcriptional genomics in humans using high throughput sequencing (POPRNASEQ)

Start date: May 1, 2011, End date: Apr 30, 2016,

Gene expression is one of the marks of cellular state and function. The relative abundance of transcripts defines and is a result of the differentiation status of a cell. Interrogation of gene expression levels and patterns in the human and other genomes can be informative about perturbations from the average pattern due to external stimuli or internal factors such as genetic variants. Gene expr ...
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Old Pious Vernacular Successes: best-selling vernacular religious literature in medieval Europe (1230-1450) (OPVS)

Start date: Nov 1, 2010, End date: Apr 30, 2016,

The OPVS project challenges previous studies by resorting to the medieval readers perspective in order to rank medieval Europe s bestselling vernacular religious texts: we shall focus on successful texts with voluminous manuscript traditions, taking into account the most popular ones, extant in over 60 copies. All were written (or translated) in French, English or German: texts composed in othe ...
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Reactive Oxygen Species in CTL-mediated Cell Death: from Mechanism to Applications (CTLANDROS)

Start date: May 1, 2011, End date: Apr 30, 2016,

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells release granzyme and perforin from cytotoxic granules into the immune synapse to induce apoptosis of target cells that are either virus-infected or cancerous. Granzyme A activates a caspase-independent apoptotic pathway and induces mitochondrial damage characterized by superoxide anion production and loss of the mitochondrial transmembran ...
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Neural and computational determinants of left cerebral dominance in speech and language (COMPUSLANG)

Start date: Feb 1, 2011, End date: Jan 31, 2016,

"More than a century after Wernicke and Broca established that speech perception and production rely on temporal and prefrontal cortices of the left brain hemisphere, the biological determinants for this organization are still unknown. While functional neuroanatomy has been described in great detail, the neuroscience of language still lacks a physiologically plausible model of the neuro-computatio ...
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Corpses of Genocide and Mass Violence: Interdisciplinary and Comparative Approaches of Dead Bodies Treatment in the 20th Century (Destruction, Identification, Reconciliation) (Genocide)

Start date: Feb 1, 2012, End date: Jan 31, 2016,

In Europe and all over the world, genocide and mass violence have been a structural feature of the 20th century. This project aims at questioning the social legacy of mass violence by studying how different societies have coped with the first consequence of mass destruction: the mass production of cadavers. What status and what value have indeed been given to corpses? What political, social or re ...
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Functional Biosupramolecular Systems: Photosystems and Sensors (FUBSSY)

Start date: Jan 1, 2011, End date: Dec 31, 2015,

"The general objective of this proposal is to discover access to ordered, soft and smart matter for use in materials sciences (e.g. molecular optoelectronics, organic solar cells), biology, medicine and chemistry.Specific aim 1 focuses on two complementary approaches (zipper assembly; self-organizing surface-initiated polymerization, SOSIP) to build artificial photosystems on solid surfaces, inclu ...
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Signalling within the mammalian circadian timing system (TIMESIGNAL)

Start date: Apr 1, 2010, End date: Dec 31, 2015,

The main objective of this interdisciplinary research project is to elucidate regulatory mechanisms through which the circadian timing system coordinates temporal physiology. This system has a hierarchical architecture, in that a master clock in the brain s suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes subsidiary oscillators in nearly all body cells. The establishment of phase coherence is obviously of utm ...
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Training for cAreer deveLopment in high-radiation ENvironment Technologies (TALENT)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2015,

"TALENT is a 4-year multi-site training network aiming at career development of young researchers on design, construction, manufacturing, testing and commissioning of innovative radiation hard detector modules and novel scientific instruments. TALENT provides, to 15 ESRs and 2 ERs, training for deep understanding of the complexity of scientific instrument building from theoretical design until ind ...
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Improving beta-cell function and identification of diagnostic biomarkers for treatment monitoring in diabetes (IMIDIA)

Start date: Feb 1, 2010, End date: Sep 30, 2015,

An absolute or relative loss of beta-cell mass and function underlie the development of type I and type 2 diabetes.Preventing beta-cell demise or restoring their number and function is a major therapeutic goal. However,development of novel diagnostic and prognostic tools, and of novel therapeutic modalities, is hampered by the limited knowledge of the molecular pathways that control beta-cell demi ...
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Conserved Non-Coding Sequences; function, variability and phenotypic consequences (HUCNC)

Start date: Jul 1, 2010, End date: Jun 30, 2015,

Comparative genomics revealed that ~5% of the human genome is conserved among mammals. This fraction is likely functional, and could harbor pathogenic mutations. We have shown (Nature 2002, Science 2003) that more than half of the constrained fraction of the genome consists of Conserved Non-Coding sequences (CNCs). Model organisms provided evidence for enhancer activity for a fraction of CNCs; in ...
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Production and perception of emotion: An affective sciences approach (PROPEREMO)

Start date: Mar 1, 2009, End date: Feb 28, 2015,

Emotion is a prime example of the complexity of human mind and behaviour, a psychobiological mechanism shaped by language and culture, which has puzzled scholars in the humanities and social sciences over the centuries. In an effort to reconcile conflicting theoretical traditions, we advocate a componential approach which treats event appraisal, motivational shifts, physiological responses, motor ...
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Tropical Geometry (TROPGEO)

Start date: Jan 1, 2010, End date: Dec 31, 2014,

"The goal of this project is to develop Tropical Geometry, a newly emerging kind of algebraic geometry. It is expected to be more powerful than Classical Geometry in a range of applications (particularly in Physics-minded applications). In the same time it is significantly simpler in several mathematical aspects. In the last decade a number of initial applications of this new geometry has appeared ...
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From neurons to behavior: analysis of the mechanisms underlying sensory coding and plasticity in chemical senses (NEUROCHEMS)

Start date: Dec 1, 2009, End date: Nov 30, 2014,

How sensory processing is occurring into the brain and how to relate behavior to neuronal activities are key questions in modern neuroscience. Understanding the neural codes underlying brain function will be of great importance for future implementation of brain-machine interfaces. This research project proposes to study the cellular and network mechanisms controlling sensory perception. In partic ...
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Host and viral factors in acute hepatitis C (HEPACUTE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2010, End date: Apr 30, 2014,

Chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common chronic viral infections of humans and a major cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Still about 4 million new infections occur world-wide each year with 50-85% of patients progressing to chronic hepatitis C. Currently there is no marker to predict spontaneous viral clearance and to guide treatment decisions.The major objectives o ...
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"""Endosomal trafficking during morphogenetic signaling and asymmetric cell division""" (SARA)

Start date: May 1, 2009, End date: Apr 30, 2014,

We plan to study the mechanism that controls the growth of animal tissues. We will focus on two types of mitotic modes: asymmetric cell divisions and the morphogen-dependent proliferation of developing cells. Our recent work has shown that endosomal trafficking plays key roles during asymmetric division and during the formation of morphogen gradients. We therefore plan to unravel the biochemical a ...
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Quantum Correlations (QORE)

Start date: Jan 1, 2009, End date: Dec 31, 2013,

In all sciences one observes correlations and develops and tests theoretical models describing them. Quantum correlations are produced by measurements on entangled quantum states. Since they may violate some Bell inequality even when the different parties are space-like separated, they can t be described with the usual tools: common causes and communication. Violation of a Bell inequality is the s ...
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Conformal fractals in analysis, dynamics, physics (CONFRA)

Start date: Jan 1, 2009, End date: Dec 31, 2013,

The goal of this project is to study conformally invariant fractal structures from the perspectives of analysis, dynamics, probability, geometry and physics, emphasizing interrelations of these fields. In the last two decades such structures emerged in several areas: continuum scaling limits of 2D critical models in statistical physics (percolation, Ising model); extremal configurations for vario ...
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Self-aware Pervasive Service Ecosystems (SAPERE)

Start date: Oct 1, 2010, End date: Sep 30, 2013,

The objective of SAPERE is the development of a highly-innovative theoretical and practical framework for the decentralized deployment and execution of self-aware and adaptive services for future and emerging pervasive network scenarios. The framework will be grounded on a foundational re-thinking of current service models and of associated infrastructures and algorithms. In particular, getting in ...
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Growth control by the TOR signalling network (TOR signalling)

Start date: Sep 1, 2008, End date: Aug 31, 2013,

The Target Of Rapamycin (TOR) kinases reside in two distinct multi-protein complexes: TOR Complex 1 (TORC1), and TORC2. These two complexes are conserved among eukaryotes and function in signalling pathways that regulate different aspects of cell growth. By exploiting the facile genetics of the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, my lab aims to flesh out details of the TOR signalling network ...
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