"The goal of this ERC proposal VIN is to develop the next generation of scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) The microscopes will set new standards in the field through their ability to acquire images at video-rate frequency, while retaining high (atomic) resolution capability. This new instrumental platform will be implemented both under ultra-high vacuum conditions, in a high-pressure gas cell, and under liquid-phase conditions. It will be utilized to create and explore novel research avenues for the study of physical, chemical, and biological surface processes at the single-atom/molecule level with the highest possible spatial and temporal resolution. In particular I will study dynamic phenomena in surface nanostructures, focusing on three mutually synergetic and interdisciplinary priority areas: i) Catalytic reactivity of nanostructures, ii) Self-organisation of organic molecules at surfaces, iii) Biomolecular structures, processes and interactions under physiological conditions. The adsorption, diffusion and interaction of molecules are the basic steps involved in reactions at surfaces. All of them are dynamic processes, where high temporal resolution can provide new groundbreaking insight into e.g. the mechanisms underlying catalysis. Video-rate SPMs will also facilitate investigations of the kinetic aspects of molecular self- organisation at surfaces such as diffusion, intra-molecular conformational dynamics, nucleation and growth of structures. The effort will build upon the world-leading expertise in design, construction and use of SPMs in my research group at the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Denmark. To achieve the ambitious research goals, I will bring together an interdisciplinary team of highly talented younger scientists."