"Three-dimensional Clinical Coherent Chemically-sensitive Imaging A multimodal imaging project between the fellow Dr. Unterhuber with expertise in laser physics and optical instrumentation from Cardiff University, and the host, Prof. Drexler from the Center of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, is proposed. The purpose is to synergistically integrate state-of-the-art ultrahigh axial resolution Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) towards functional imaging and increase Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) sensitivity by exploitation of non-linear optical amplification using heterodyne detection similar to OCT. OCT has been established as a powerful non-invasive, high resolution imaging modality. Several hundredth megavoxel/s can be scanned due to high speed, high sensitivity frequency domain OCT, permitting real time dynamic volumetric imaging of scattering tissue. OCT permits extremely high sensitivity and speed, though it cannot easily distinguish different chemical substances – CARS - is one of the most potential techniques with the ability to extract specific biochemical solely based on endogenous signals. Until now the complexity for integrating both technologies that involve sophisticated laser sources causes a major technical challenge. Novel developments in CARS technology have paved a way to simplify the setup utilizing ultrabroad lasers also found in ultrahigh axial resolution OCT. The aim is to demonstrate the general feasibility of a compact and simple medical instrument capable of collecting morphological and depth resolved functional information at cellular level simultaneously in a clinical environment with the purpose of unprecedented non-invasive detection of metabolic, tissue information. The capabilities of such a device will have the potential to significantly improve the understanding of physiologic and pathologic processes without exogenous labels in their native 3D-environment."