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  Written by Matteo Satta EU funding has always helped cities support their innovation processes, particularly on digital transformation and environment, but the approach is now moving toward a new ambitious […]
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  By Matteo Satta The commission has been heavily investing in pilot Smart City projects for a long time, but you may often have R&D or innovation projects pretending to have […]
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  Article written by Matteo Satta (Smart) City projects are more and more funded by the European Commission, but consortia often struggle to get cities on board or really engage them. […]
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Terrestrial energy recovery using advanced stirling heat-pumps for residential temperature management (TERRA THERMA)
Start date: Dec 15, 2007, End date: Dec 14, 2010 PROJECT FINISHED

Around 80% of the total domestic energy demand in Europe is used of heating and cooling, amounting to 2,600 TWh p.a, with the majority of heating provided by gas (50%). There are very few efficiency improvements to be made using conventional heaters and boilers, as most are already over 90% efficient. Therefore, alternative heating systems such as ground source heat pumps are seen as the future for heating.Heat pumps are already used in some European countries but have a number of inherent drawbacks that limit their popularity:- Existing ground source heat pumps are electrically driven, meaning retrofits to gas-based systems are harder- Electric heat pumps optimally deliver water at 50°C, which is too low for most European wet central heating systems- Ground loop heat exchangers are either very expensive (vertical bore) or very disruptive and large (horizontal trench), meaning many homes either cannot or do not wish to install them.

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