Background Albania faces a unique set of challenges in establishing a sustainable traffic development. In the Communist era, private cars were banned. Since the end of Communist rule, however, traffic - and in particular ownership of private cars - has increased enormously. The already weak traffic infrastructure is now deteriorating under the pressure and air pollution has become an important environmental issue in urban areas. Albania therefore attaches high importance to the establishment of an improved management of traffic flow, particularly in the capital, Tirana: a vision of how public transport should be organised and a concept for the flow of private vehicles in Tirana are prerequisites for improvement in the situation. Objectives The project’s specific objectives were to: 1. Improve the state of public transportation vehicles; 2. Collect data of the present traffic networks, capacities and loads; 3. Generate air pollution data and identify traffic-related hotspots of pollution; 4. Elaborate a traffic management concept for Tirana and initiate its implementation; and 5. Enhance the traffic-related legal and planning framework in Albania. Results This project was not implemented.