Background The widespread presence of stray dogs represents a threat to the grey wolf (Canis lupus) because of the increased possibility of genetic loss for the target species, predation of domestic animals (often attributed to wolves) and transmission of diseases that could weaken wolf populations. Moreover, the negative attitude towards wolves, considered responsible for sheep predations, has increased illegal killings. Objectives The LIFE MIRCO-lupo project’s overall aim is to improve the conditions for wolf conservation by combating threats associated with the presence of stray dogs. Specific objectives are to: Neutralise the reproductive potential of the wolf-dog hybrids and of stray dogs present in the project areas; Increase the control system on the use of poison baits, and establish a system to control the widespread diffusion of poison in the project area, through transfer of best practices from the LIFE ANTIDOTO project; Reduce the potential sanitary risks for the transmission of diseases from dogs to the wolves; Increase awareness on the risk posed by stray dogs on the conservation of wolves; Creation of a national database on hybridisation; Reduce the negative attitudes towards wolves among stakeholders; and Develop a participatory approach in the management of the wolf-dog hybrids. Expected results: Sterilisation and release of all hybrids (at least 15 individuals); Reduction of potential transmission of pathogens from dogs to hybrids through the sanitary treatment of at least 300 dogs; Reduction of 70% of illegal wolf killings; Decreased presence and reproductive potential of stray dogs through 100 surgical sterilisations; Increased knowledge about the threat posed to wolves by stray dogs; Increased awareness among the public about the presence of the stray dogs and their negative impact on wolf conservation; and A long-term strategy (shared between regions) for the management of hybridisation.