"We identify Neuroelectronics as a novel mature discipline, at the boundaries between neurobiology, electrophysiology, computational neurosciences, microelectronics, materials sciences, and nanotechnologies. In the proposed Marie-Curie consortium, each of these components, as well as the specific application contexts (i.e. basic research, neuroprosthetics, and pharmaceutical applications), are represented and combined in a concerted effort, towards the training of a new generation of researchers and professionals. We target both technological priorities, such as the development of novel multi-electrode arrays and advanced interfaces that functionally interact with neurons and networks; and scientific priorities, considering and studying neuro-electronic hybrids as devices able to undergo a functional and anatomical reconfiguration, on the basis of the activity-dependent plasticity and rewiring properties of neurons, under some control of the experimenter. Our ultimate aim is to lay the foundation of a virtual institute for the multi-disciplinary study of neuroengineering and network-neurosciences that will train a new generation of scientists and professionals and that will contribute to Europe’s leading role in scientific innovation. We strongly believe in the unique training potential of our consortium: neuroelectronics to analyze and synthesize neuronal networks, using artificial devices able to co-operate with neurons, thereby crossing the barriers between artificial devices and neurons. Knocking down the barriers between natural and artificial is, in the words of Edoardo Boncinelli (founding figure in developmental biology and 2005 EMBO Awardee for Communication in the Life Sciences), ""a fantastic crossing between biological evolution and cultural evolution, a shortcut between culture and nature""."