The main aim of this research project is to develop a model of cultural competence in health professionals, specifically based on the Portuguese context, emphasizing the complex interplay between the effects of culture and unequal power on health and healthcare with culturally diverse populations. Assuming that healthcare is often given in the context of asymmetrical power relations between professionals and users, a psycho-sociopolitical approach will be developed as a basis for the analysis and promotion of cultural competence. This approach will emphasize: (1) the underlying dynamics of power in health and healthcare in contexts of cultural and human diversity, and (2) a social-ecological approach to research and action in the field of health and healthcare with culturally diverse populations. Taking a participatory action-research approach, particular attention is paid to health needs assessment, good practices, and the empowerment of culturally diverse populations. A multi-method approach will be used, combining qualitative (focus groups with key informants, case studies based on in-depth interviews) and quantitative research techniques (mainly secondary sources and survey). Recommendations for developing interventions and policies will be put forward with the final aim of furthering the provision of adequate, accessible and quality healthcare to all the population, based on values of social justice, human development and equality. This research project is the central activity of a career development plan that will emphasize: (1) the interdisciplinary link between social psychology, community psychology and sociology; (2) the transfer of knowledge to practice; (3) a participatory community-based multi-method approach; and (4) a European perspective.