Background Pesticides are used in viticulture to maintain a good level of pest prevention in vineyards. Fungicides are applied to control fungal pathogens that can cause devastating diseases, such as grapevine downy and powdery mildews. Treatment of these diseases generates resistance in pathogens, which can result in application of higher doses and use of more aggressive fungicides, which in turn increases the exposure of growers to these compounds. The presence of toxic molecules in grapes and wine can also increase, with subsequent transmission into the bodies of humans who consume these products, and negative impacts on the surrounding environment, particularly soil and water. Objectives The project will demonstrate that a reduction in the negative environmental impacts from the production of grape, juice and wine can be achieved by: Evaluating new management strategies to control downy and powdery mildews by reducing the number of treatments in endemic Atlantic & Mediterranean areas; Evaluating the action of so-called “zero residue” fungicides as alternatives to conventional products; Comparing the results of new treatment strategies in different climatic areas with different characteristics (topography, grape varieties); Creating awareness among users about the importance of correct maintenance and use of spray application equipment, and its effect on the efficiency of pesticide application; Using mandatory inspections of sprayers to provide training and information to users; Analysing fungicide residues in grapes, juice and wine, in different pesticide application scenarios; Evaluating the environmental and socioeconomical impacts of grape production; and Improving the efficiency of pesticides by demonstrating an imaging device that can detect fungal disease in its early stages, enabling early treatment. Expected results: Comparison of the current approach to control of downy and powdery mildews with alternative treatment strategies; Demonstration that the number of fungicide applications to control mildews can be reduced by one third through smarter application; Comparison of the effectiveness of pesticide application using a carefully-adjusted and inspected sprayer with real-world scenarios. Implementation of a programme to make growers aware of the necessity of calibrated spraying equipment. Use of correctly maintained equipment can also contribute to a 30% reduction of pesticides applied; Showing that, through a combination of optimisation of spraying equipment and new treatment schedules, pesticide use can be reduced by at least 40%; and Establishment of an imaging system for detection of downy mildew disease, and an assessment of the feasibility of automatic early detection of fungal diseases.