"Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rare (2-3 incidences in 100,000) and fatal disease. Each year, approximately 13,000 new cases of GBM are diagnosed in Europe. The 5-year survival rate of this highly aggressive tumor entity under conventional therapy is less than 6%. Currently available therapeutic options neglect the individuality of each patients’ disease and only temporarily influence tumor progression with poor effect on overall survival. Introduction of novel highly innovative personalized approaches would have tremendous impacts for the life course of affected patients without additive toxicities. Active cancer immunotherapy aims to trigger the patients´ immune system, specifically cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and T helper cells, to defend the body against the cancerous disease. The Glioma Actively Personalized Vaccine Consortium (GAPVAC) aims to conduct a highly innovative pioneering project with active personalized immunotherapy to improve patient treatment. In a Phase I/II study at the center of this proposal, glioblastoma patients will receive a fully personalized peptide-based vaccine as a result of full-genome sequencing and complete peptidomics analysis of the patient’s tumor. Thus, the latest developments in next-generation sequencing, proteomics, immunology, biomarker research and small-scale GMP peptide manufacturing will be uniquely combined to deliver the next generation of personalized medicine to cancer patients. GAPVAC’s goal is to test safety, feasibility and efficacy (biological and early clinical) of this totally novel, completely personalized approach of immunotherapy. GAPVAC is therefore specifically answering the call HEALTH.2012.1.2-1 Development of technologies with a view to patient group stratification for personalized medicine applications by a 4 years project."