Background The wide area of Romagna includes relevant sites for the conservation of the project’s target species, the southern damselfly (Coenagrion mercuriale castellanii) and hermit beetle (Osmoderma eremita) and possesses a high insect biodiversity – it is home to important populations of beetles, dragonflies and butterflies (Oxygastra curtisii, Lucanus cervus, Cerambyx cerdo, Callimorpha quadripunctaria, Maculinea arion, Zerynthia polyxena). The dragonfly species Coenagrion mercuriale is present in only two isolated sites and the population size is low (from fewer than 300 to 4 000 individuals per year). Nonetheless, the populations of Emilia Romagna represent around 7% of the total population of Italy, thus their conservation is a priority. The other target species, the hermit beetle, is present in Romagna at one site only, and with a reduced population that has fallen in the distribution area mostly likely due to wood cutting. Other sites could host this species, but it is necessary to make interventions to improve the habitat and make it more suitable for the species. Objectives The overall objective of the LIFE EREMITA project is to improve conservation status in the Region Emilia-Romagna of the populations of two species of saproxylic beetles: Osmoderma eremita and Rosalia alpina. Specific objectives are to: Increase knowledge of the subpopulations of the target species; Increase available habitat for residual populations and improve their connectivity; Produce a long-term management strategy; Establish a specific habitat regional network that is suitable for the target species; and Improve the public’s attitude towards the conservation of the target species and to encourage the involvement of farmers, managers and forest users. Expected results: Habitat availability increased by 200-900% in the Emilia-Romagna Region, depending on the species; Population distribution increased by 50-600% in the region, depending on the species; and Population size increased by 80-400% in the region, depending on the species.