Despite tremendous progress in neuroscience, ICT and related fields we are still unable to build perceptive, emotive and cognitive systems that are comparable with even simple insect brains with respect to function, energy sufficiency or computational power. One promising approach to answer this challenge is to translate principles underlying the abilities of natural systems into new technologies. Such an advance would entail major societal and economical impacts, particularly in the areas of information and communication technologies, robotics, brain-machine interfacing, quality of life and health and nanotechnology applied to life sciences. In parallel this paradigm would boost our fundamental understanding of mind and brain: ourselves. Currently the fields of research in Neuro- and Bio-inspired Systems (NBIS) on which these developments depend are critically fragmented, lacking common objectives, methods, critical mass and penetration of the academic curricula with associated obstacles for growth and consolidation. The Coordination Action Convergent Science Network for Biomimetics and Neurotechnology (CSNII) will directly address these challenges. CSNII will advance the definition, visibility, federation and consolidation of research in the Future and Emerging Technology area of NBIS with specific emphasis on Biomimetics and Neurotechnology. CSNII will achieve these objectives by advancing and developing strategic roadmaps, supporting workshops, the annual conference "Living Machines" and realizing global cooperation and alliances in particular through collaborations with similar and well established activities in the USA and Japan. At the end of this 3 year project we expect a measurable impact on the level of collaboration and the quality of research in Biomimetics and Neurotechnology combined with a direct impact on post graduate curricula and funding policies and mechanisms furthering this strategic field in which Europe can obtain international leadership.