Background The Corsican red deer (Cervus elaphus corsicanus Erxeleben, 1777) is a sub-species of the European red deer and is endemic to Sardinia and Corsica. This sub-species is found in the project target areas - sites on both islands. It is considered a priority for conservation in Annex II of the Habitats Directive. It is also included on the IUCN red list as an endangered species. The main threats to the Corsican red deer are extensive cutting and logging, hunting, forest fires, the diffusion of farming and the spread of livestock. This situation has led to habitat fragmentation and severe population decline across the territory. Objectives The 'One Deer Two Islands' project aims to improve the conservation status of the Corsican red deer in Sardinia and Corsica by reducing conflict with human activities and by promoting awareness about its ecological and economic value. A change in socio-cultural behaviour, mainly associated with hunting, is a key objective. The project hopes to benefit the target sub-species as well as the local communities. Specifically, the objectives of the project include: Implementing actions aimed at facilitating the co-existence of human activities and conservation; Increasing awareness among citizens and visitors of the importance of the target area, which is part of the Natura 2000 network; Promoting co-operation and networking among institutions and authorities involved in the management of the Corsican red deer; Ensuring the long-term conservation of the Corsican red deer and improving its conservation status. The project will establish new populations of red deer in eight Natura 2000 sites and demonstrate good practice in developing populations and mitigating threats from human activities. It will formulate an international management and conservation plan for Cervus elaphus corsicanus, to be implemented after the end of the LIFE project. Expected results: New red deer populations in eight Natura 2000 sites; Significant growth of existing populations, including: o Reduced isolation of sub-populations; o Increased genetic variability; o Reduced health problems; o Increased distribution; o Increased population densities. The mitigation of identified threats from human activities; Identification of replicable good practice in deer conservation; An international management and conservation plan for Cervus elaphus corsicanus.