Climate change was recognized not only in terms of mitigation but also because of the need of adaptation as a major challenge that cannot be solved solely by single actors and territorial restricted actions, but asks for a coordination and support at a higher level. This is highlighted by the EU Green Paper on Adaptation to Climate Change, but also by other documents such as the EC Thematic Strategy on the Urban Environment or the recent Evaluation of ICZM on Europe by the Commission. BaltCICA is designed to focus on the most imminent problems that climate change will cause in the Baltic Sea Region. The concentration of large parts of the population and many larger cities in the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea Region make these areas especially sensitive to climate change. Changes in the occurrence of floods (river floods as well as storm surges) and sea level rise caused by climate change as well as impacts on water availability and quality can be expected to become imminent. Not only the assessment of the impacts, but also the development, appraisal and implementation of adaptation measures (structural ones as well as organisational and institutional measures) has to be promoted. To achieve these goals a multi-level trans-national approach will be applied. Concrete adaptation measures are going to be tested and implemented in at least one case study and later on transferred and tested in other case studies dealing with similar adaptation questions. On a pan-Baltic level the costs of higher sea level and increased flood risk will be assessed. A concept for process management on climate change adaptation and mitigation will be developed supported by a metaevaluation and conceptualization of case study results. Furthermore joint concepts of adaptation will be applied in a number of case studies. Based on the experience and knowledge of the project participants, applicable approaches will be offered to other interested parties with the support of the Union of the Baltic Cities. Achievements: The BaltCICA project has identified adaptation measures and implemented them in the Baltic Sea Region. This was achieved by producing new knowledge relating to climate change impacts, costs and benefits and governance of adaptation; reducing uncertainty in decision-making in relation to adaptation by strengthening the science-practice link and by increasing participation of stakeholders and citizens in adaptation related decision-making. The case studies were also used to explore the still relatively unknown costs and benefits of adaptation. New scientific methodologies to increase the participation of stakeholders in adaptation planning were developed and employed. The 13 case studies concentrated on cross-border cooperation and developed adaptation measures on specific thematic areas, such as metropolitan planning and adaptation strategies, groundwater and climate change, the Environment as well as scenario development and citizen participation.The Foresight approach endorsed exchange of perspectives and approaches between the project's case studies. Workshop sessions and study visits facilitated transnational learning among the BaltCICA case studies. Transnational communication comprised awareness-raising, methods for stakeholder involvement, technical solutions and cost-benefit-analysis of adaptation processes. Case studies with longer experience exchanged knowledge with less experienced partners. Pan-Baltic cooperation and transnational learning played a vital role in the project. Usually communication practices, cost-benefit studies, groundwater assessments, etc were developed on local level and then communicated and further developed among several project partners via project workshops. These workshops enabled other project partners to both learn about new methodologies and to further develop them according to specific local needs in their respective case-studies.Impacts of climate change occur and are perceived differently throughout the Baltic Sea Region. Depending on local circumstances, climate change adaptation processes are in various stages and address different challenges. Stakeholders were engaged into decision-making processes through scenario workshops. This methodology was adapted to local circumstances and applied for decision making on climate change adaptation by several project partners. On a detailed technical level, information and experience on technical protection measures were exchanged, e.g. beach nourishment or sustainable use of ground water from coastal aquifers. The use of Cost-Benefit and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) were developed by several workshops that used examples derived from BaltCICA case studies. MCDA methods were applied in several case studies. The approaches and methodologies developed during the BaltCICA project have led to several investments for climate change adaptation.