This joint exchange programme aims to continue and refine our research programme on the genetics and genomics of ecological speciation, using birds as model systems. This includes creating a reference genome sequence assembly for our two main study species (Nesospiza and Serinus finches), using de novo next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. We will use a population genomics approach and will follow up with additional techniques such as linkage disequilibrium association mapping. In particular, we will gather genome-wide molecular evidence to confirm or refute the occurrence of sympatric speciation in two avian radiations, and initiate the search for genetic regions that are under selection, in order to determine the genetic bases of adaptation and ultimately speciation. We aim to identify the genes underlying the evolution of bill size/shape. Bill morphology is an important trait in resource-driven bird diversification, and therefore the establishment of the links between phenotype-fitness-genotype will advance significantly our understanding of the speciation process in birds. We will exchange the expertise of each participating organisation to enhance their scientific standard. The programme allows us to achieve mutual benefits from exchanging expertise on novel laboratory innovations and bioinformatics, to increase each lab’s efficiency by exchanging experience and sharing available infrastructure and to evaluate the genetics of ecological speciation.