Search for European Projects

22 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

 FINISHED 

Dynamics of the RNAi-mediated antiviral immunity (RNAiMMUNITY)

Start date: Jan 1, 2015, End date: Dec 31, 2019,

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved sequence-specific, gene-silencing mechanism that is induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Double-stranded RNA is commonly generated during viral replication and is considered to be a molecular pattern associated with viral infection. Our previous work demonstrated that viral infections in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are countered by an antiviral R ...
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Decrypting signals in the crypt (DECRYPT)

Start date: Apr 1, 2014, End date: Mar 31, 2019,

Pathogens and symbionts: War and Peace at mucosal surface in intestinal crypts.In the proposed program called DECRYPT, I wish to strengthen novel orientations of our laboratory aimed at decrypting the dialogue between the microbiota and the host, while keeping a balance with the study of pathogens, both being analyzed at their interface with the gut mucosa to further our knowledge of the homeostat ...
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Imaging and Regulation of the Cellular Dynamics Driving the Vertebrate Limb Formation (LimbCellDynamics)

Start date: Apr 1, 2014, End date: Mar 31, 2019,

Limb defects, which are amongst the most frequent congenital malformations in humans, are the result of deviation in normal developmental program deployment affecting limb specification, initiation or patterning. In most cases the mechanisms underlying limb abnormalities are, at the best, poorly defined. This is in part due because despite considerable advances in our understanding of normal limb ...
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 1

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Cell-Cell fusion in fertilization and developmental biology: a structural biology approach (Celcelfus)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2019,

My group has made seminal contributions in the past toward understanding the mechanism of membrane fusion used by enveloped viruses to infect a cell. This aim of this ERC grant proposal is to achieve similar breakthroughs in understanding fusion between cells, both during fertilization and organogenesis. This proposal is based in recent important results not yet published.We have determined the cr ...
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Co-evolution of viruses, plasmids and cells in Archaea: pattern and process (EVOMOBIL)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2019,

Interactions between cells and mobile elements such as viruses and plasmids (the mobilome) have played a major role in life evolution. However, up to now, evolutionary studies have mainly focused on cellular genomes (building species trees). My project is to reconstruct the history of interaction between cells, plasmids and viruses (PVs) at the domain level to answer questions such as: to which ex ...
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 2

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Human Antibody Responses to Viruses (HumAntiViruses)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2018,

In addition to polyreactive “natural antibodies” that act as the first line of defense against invading pathogens, “humoral memory” is composed of high affinity antibodies that mediate long-lived immunity against infectious agents, e.g., providing protection against re-infection. The molecular dissection of anti-pathogen B-cell responses using modern technologies to generate specific monoclonal an ...
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 1

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Assembling the puzzle of the operating auditory hair bundle (HAIRBUNDLE)

Start date: Dec 1, 2012, End date: Aug 31, 2018,

The hair bundles of the sensory cells play a central role in the processing of sounds by the cochlea. Various performances of auditory perception depend upon what biophysical and physiological environment the operating hair bundle can provide to its mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channels. The project aims at building a more integrated view of the way the hair bundle works. Reaching this goa ...
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Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Stem Cell Fate (StemDNAFate)

Start date: Apr 1, 2013, End date: Mar 31, 2018,

Stem cells play crucial roles in establishing and repairing tissues, yet our knowledge of their properties, how they assure organogenesis and effect regeneration in distinct physiological contexts remains limited. A major challenge in stem cell biology is investigating these cells in their natural state in vivo, and obtaining highly pure and sufficient quantities for characterisation.Skeletal myog ...
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 FINISHED 

Integrating the activities of SUMO in gene expression, inflammation and cancer (SUMOSTRESS)

Start date: Apr 1, 2013, End date: Mar 31, 2018,

Sumoylation of proteins has emerged as a central regulatory mechanism influencing a wide range of cellular processes and is notably a key pathway facilitating cellular response to stress. Gene expression appears to be particularly regulated by sumoylation as many known SUMO substrates are transcription factors and cofactors. Moreover, key chromatin proteins, including the core histones, figure amo ...
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Genetics of mosquito resistance to pathogens (AnoPath)

Start date: Mar 1, 2013, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

Malaria parasite infection in humans has been called “the strongest known force for evolutionary selection in the recent history of the human genome”, and I hypothesize that a similar statement may apply to the mosquito vector, which is the definitive host of the malaria parasite. We previously discovered efficient malaria-resistance mechanisms in natural populations of the African malaria vector ...
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Nanotherapeutics for antibiotic resistant emerging bacterial pathogens (NAREB)

Start date: Feb 1, 2014, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

Increase in antibiotic resistance is a global concern worldwide. The project NAREB's main objective is the optimization of several nanoformulations of antibacterial therapeutics in order to improve the therapy of multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) and MRSA infections in European MDR patients.NAREB will address the problem of drug bioavailability inside the infected macrophages, transport ...
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Deciphering the Oncogenic Lesions and Pathways of B and T Cell Cancers (LymphoOncoGenomics)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

Lymphoid cancers are among the most common human malignancies and characteristically harbour genomic aberrations. Although databases will soon be flooded with genome sequences from thousands of tumours, interpretation and validation of these data is limited by the genetic variability and uncontrolled environmental exposures inherent to human studies. There is therefore a growing need in complement ...
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 FINISHED 

Molecular bases of human excitatory neurotransmitter transport across the plasma membrane (hEAATs)

Start date: Nov 1, 2012, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

The paramount importance of human membrane proteins for life contrasts with the lack of understanding of their molecular mechanisms of function and pharmacology. This project focuses on the molecular mechanisms of one of the most important and medically relevant families of neurotransmitter membrane transporters in the brain, the Human Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter (hEAAT) family. Glutamate is ...
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Human Evolutionary Immunogenomics: population genetic variation in immune responses (EVOIMMUNOPOP)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Aug 31, 2017,

Recent genome-wide association studies have successfully identified rare and common variants that correlate with complex traits. However, they have provided us with little insight into the nature of the genetic, biological and evolutionary relationships underlying such complex phenotypes. There is thus a growing need for approaches that provide a mechanistic understanding of how genetic variants f ...
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 FINISHED 

Dynamic Interplay between Eukaryotic Chromosomes: Impact on Genome Stability (DICIG)

Start date: Jun 1, 2011, End date: May 31, 2017,

The structure and role of the DNA molecule raise fascinating questions regarding its dynamics, i.e. not only the tri-dimensional reorganisation associated with functional events at short time-scale, but also the structural changes, i.e. rearrangements, that occur in the chromosome over generations. It is increasingly obvious that the physical properties of both the chromosomes and their environmen ...
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A Bayesian Framework for Cellular Structural Biology (BayCellS)

Start date: May 1, 2012, End date: Apr 30, 2017,

The functioning of a single cell or organism is governed by the laws of chemistry and physics. The bridge from biology to chemistry and physics is provided by structural biology: to understand the functioning of a cell, it is necessary to know the atomic structure of macromolecular assemblies, which may contain hundreds of components. To characterise the structures of the increasingly large and of ...
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Host-microbe interactions in health and disease. Interface with the immune system (HOMIN)

Start date: Apr 1, 2013, End date: Mar 31, 2017,

"HOMIN is designed as an advanced education and research program meant to train junior investigators possessing medical and/or scientific educational backgrounds to become future leading scientists in academic institutions, private companies, or administration.The HOMIN objectives are:1. To provide multidisciplinary and intersectorial scientific education through the study of host-microbe interact ...
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Dengue research Framework for Resisting Epidemics in Europe (DENFREE)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2016,

"WHO estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of vector-borne diseases. Among these, dengue appears to be particularly problematic, with tens of millions of cases of dengue fever estimated to occur annually, including up to 500,000 cases of the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. In recent years, the global burden of den ...
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 15

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Molecular and Structural Biology of Bacterial Transformation (MolStructTransfo)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2016,

A common form of gene transfer is the vertical gene transfer between one organism and its offspring during sexual reproduction. However, some organisms, such as bacteria, are able to acquire genetic material independently of sexual reproduction by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Three mechanisms mediate HGT in bacteria: conjugation, transduction and natural transformation. HGT and the selective pr ...
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Microbial translocation across host barriers (MicroTrans)

Start date: Nov 1, 2010, End date: Oct 31, 2016,

Infections remain the primary cause of mortality in humans. New infections are emerging, and resistance to antimicrobial drugs is widespread and expanding. There is thus an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies based on rationally-designed drugs blocking the pathogenic effects of microbes on the host. A prerequisite for this is a complete understanding of the pathophysiology of infec ...
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Revealing the mechanism of host membrane rupture by invasive pathogens and its role in triggering the immune response (RUPTEFFECTS)

Start date: Mar 1, 2011, End date: Aug 31, 2016,

Pathogens have been evolving with their hosts for millions of years adopting tailored strategies to propagate within the host body and evading the host immune response. It is crucial to understand the underlying strategies employed by pathogens on the cellular and molecular level in order to develop novel weapons against them. On the cellular level, host-pathogen interactions are generally very dy ...
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Regulation and outcome of immune cell interactions in vivo (LymphocyteContacts)

Start date: Feb 1, 2011, End date: Jan 31, 2016,

The immune system is made up of specialized cells and tissues that act together to fight microbial infections and survey the body for malignant transformation. Immune responses are highly orchestrated and dynamic events that largely rely on the ability of immune cells to migrate in organs and tissues, to interact with each other in order to exchange information and to engage target cells in tissue ...
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