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Background The archipelago of Mälaren is one of Sweden's most valuable regions for broadleaved woodlands, with oaks and the other old trees growing in a semi-open habitat. The region has a climate that is two-to-three vegetation zones more favourable than the surrounding area. This, together with less intensive forestry and agriculture, has resulted in ...

Background The freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) is generally restricted to nutrient-poor freshwater streams. It has a widespread but fragmented and declining distribution across Europe. In Sweden, the mussel has disappeared from around 40% of the rivers and streams in which it was found 100 years ago. Reproduction levels are low or fa ...