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Background River segments with hydropower facilities are usually considered as ‘heavily modified water bodies’ under the Water Framework Directive. A natural river continuously carries bed load material downstream, forming gravel and shallow water areas. These structures are important spawning grounds and nursery areas for many species. Barrages disru ...

Background The banks of most water bodies containing dams today are covered with wave breakers made of concrete. They commonly don’t host ecologically rich habitats. According to the Water Framework Directive, these water bodies are considered to be “significantly modified water bodies". The water resides longer in them, leading to possible higher wat ...