Search for European Projects

Over 40 European Projects Found

Searched on 125080 European Projects

 FINISHED 

The formation and evolution of massive black holes (BLACK)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

"Massive black holes (MBHs) weighing million solar masses and above inhabit the centers of today's galaxies, weighing about a thousandth of the host bulge mass. MBHs also powered quasars known to exist just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. Owing to observational breakthroughs and remarkable advancements in theoretical models, we do now that MBHs are out there and evolved with their ...
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Phylogenetic ANalysis of Diversification Across the tree of life (PANDA)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

"Explaining the tremendous disparity in the number of species among different taxonomic groups and geographic regions is one of the greatest challenges in biodiversity research. This project aims to significantly advance our fundamental understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes that explain how species richness is distributed on earth and in the tree of life. The first part of th ...
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Cryptography for the Cloud (CryptoCloud)

Start date: Jun 1, 2014, End date: May 31, 2019,

Many companies have already started the migration to the Cloud and many individuals share their personal informations on social networks. Unfortunately, in the current access mode, the provider first authenticates the client, and grants him access, or not, according to his rights in the access-control list. Therefore, the provider itself not only has total access to the data, but also knows which ...
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Stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes for better climate predictions (StratoClim)

Start date: Dec 1, 2013, End date: Nov 30, 2018,

StratoClim will produce more reliable projections of climate change and stratospheric ozone by a better understanding and improved representation of key processes in the Upper Troposphere and Stratosphere (UTS). This will be achieved by an integrated approach bridging observations from dedicated field activities, process modelling on all scales, and global modelling with a suite of chemistry clima ...
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Statistical Physics Approach to Reconstruction in Compressed Sensing (SPARCS)

Start date: Oct 1, 2012, End date: Sep 30, 2018,

Compressed sensing is triggering a major evolution in signal acquisition: it indicates that most data, signals and images, that are usually compressible and have redundancy, can be reconstructed from much fewer measurements than what was usually considered necessary, resulting in a drastic gain of time, cost, and measurement precision. In order to make this groundbreaking improvement possible, com ...
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Exploring Bose-Einstein Condensation of Excitons and Related Quantum Phases (XBEC)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

This research proposal aims at harnessing collective quantum phenomena in semiconductors in order to deterministically engineer quantum states of matter. For this purpose, the techniques successfully pioneered in atomic physics will be transposed to the solid-state. As envisioned by R. Feynman, this approach offers the formidable opportunity to emulate emblematic collective quantum phenomena and t ...
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Biochemical and functional characterization of ER-plasma membrane contact sites mediated by a novel class of tethering proteins, the Extended-Synaptotagmins (ERPMcontacts)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) contact sites are structures where the ER is tightly associated with the PM. Most available information on ER-PM contacts in cells of higher eukaryotes concerns proteins implicated in the regulation of Ca2+ entry. However, growing evidence suggests that such contacts play more general and conserved roles in cell physiology. I recently discovered that ...
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Lipid Packing and Protein Crowding in Lipid Droplets and the ER Membrane (PACKNCROWD)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

"Cellular compartments are separated by membranes composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. An exception are lipid droplets (LDs), which consist of a neutral lipid core and a protein-containing phospholipid monolayer. Many cellular reactions occur on organellar surfaces and necessitate changes in their physical organization. This proposal addresses two under-explored questions pertaining ...
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Maintenance of functional identity of Drosophila colour photoreceptor neurons (COLOURHODOPSIN)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 28, 2018,

"This proposal asks the fundamental question of how complex cells, such as sensory neurons, maintain the functional identities they acquire during terminal differentiation. It builds on my recent results which showed that in one photoreceptor neuron subtype of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, a green-sensitive Rhodopsin6 (Rh6, a G-protein-coupled receptor that detects photons) not only function ...
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A living carbonate factory: how do cyanobacteria make rocks? (Calcification in Cyanobacteria) (Calcyan)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

This interdisciplinary proposal stems from our recent discovery of deep-branching cyanobacteria that form intracellular Ca-Mg-Sr-Ba carbonates. So far, calcification by cyanobacteria was considered as exclusively extracellular, hence dependent on external conditions. The existence of intracellularly calcifying cyanobacteria may thus deeply modify our view on the role of cyanobacteria in the format ...
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Circuit QED with hybrid electronic states (CirQys)

Start date: Feb 1, 2013, End date: Jan 31, 2018,

We propose to develop a new scheme for detecting and manipulating exotic states formed by combinations of conductors with different dimensionalities and/or electronic orders. For that purpose, we will use tools of cavity quantum electrodynamics to study in a very controlled way the interaction of light and this exotic matter.Our experiments will be implemented with nanowires connected to normal, f ...
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Global Earth Observation for integrated water resource assessment (eartH2Observe)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

The project eartH2Observe brings together the findings from European FP projects DEWFORA, GLOWASIS, WATCH, GEOWOW and others. It will integrate available global earth observations (EO), in-situ datasets and models and will construct a global water resources re-analysis dataset of significant length (several decades). The resulting data will allow for improved insights on the full extent of availab ...
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Enzyme catalysis in organic solvents (EOS)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

Enzymes are remarkably efficient catalysts and their recent use in non-aqueous organic solvents is opening a tremendous range of applications in synthetic chemistry: since, surprisingly, most enzymes do not denature in these non-natural environments, new reactions involving e.g. water-insoluble reagents can be catalyzed, while unwanted degradation side reactions are suppressed.However, a key chall ...
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Two-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Exploration of Biomolecular Dynamics (2F4BIODYN)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2017,

The paradigm of the structure-function relationship in proteins is outdated. Biological macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies are highly dynamic objects. Evidence that their motions are of utmost importance to their functions is regularly identified. The understanding of the physical chemistry of biological processes at an atomic level has to rely not only on the description of structure bu ...
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Small RNA-directed control of the plant and animal innate immune responses (SILENCING & IMMUNITY)

Start date: Dec 1, 2011, End date: Nov 30, 2017,

The innate immune response is the first line of defence against pathogens, which is initiated by the detection of pathogen-derived signatures referred to as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs). Plants and animals sense PAMPs and in turn differentially regulate a large set of immune response genes, among which microRNAs (miRNAs) were recently identified. In the model plant Arabidopsis th ...
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Physical principles of recognition in the immune system (RECOGNIZE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2012, End date: Oct 31, 2017,

"Receptor proteins on the surfaces of B- and T-cells interact with pathogens, recognize them and initiate an immune response. The diversity and complexity of immune receptors poses a challenge to nonequilibrium many-body physics and our understanding of the physical principles that control the emergent functional properties of biological systems, such as recognition. The diversity of the compositi ...
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New Directions in Dark Matter Phenomenology at the TeV scale (NEWDARK)

Start date: Oct 1, 2012, End date: Sep 30, 2017,

Dark Matter constitutes about 80% of the total matter of the Universe, yet almost nothing is known of its nature: despite the huge experimental and theoretical efforts of the last decades, its true identity is yet to be determined. The recent years and the next few years, however, see several experimental exploratory techniques approaching for the first time the TeV scale, in a multi-faceted attac ...
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 2

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Charting the holographic quantum landscape, and consequences on charge transport at strong coupling (HoloLand)

Start date: Sep 1, 2014, End date: Aug 31, 2017,

This proposal aims at elucidating the properties of charge transport at strong coupling, when no quasiparticle description is valid. We will employ techniques from gauge/gravity duality, which comes from String Theory and High Energy physics and maps a strongly-coupled field theory with a UV conformal fixed point to an asymptotically Anti-de Sitter gravitational spacetime described by Einstein’s e ...
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Genome-enabled dissection of marine diatom ecophysiology (DIATOMITE)

Start date: Jun 1, 2012, End date: May 31, 2017,

"Diatoms are the most successful group of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the modern ocean. Recently completed whole genome sequences have revealed a wealth of information about the evolutionary origins and metabolic adaptations that may have led to their ecological success. A major finding is that they have acquired genes both from their endosymbiotic ancestors and by horizontal gene transfer from ma ...
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Solution-processed nanocrystal photovoltaics from environmentally benign and earth-abundant elements (SUNLIGHT)

Start date: Jan 1, 2013, End date: May 1, 2017,

"In the search for cost-effective solar cells, colloidal inorganic semiconducting nanocrystals (NCs) have received much interest due to their readily-tunable absorption across the visible/near-IR, their high absorption coefficients and photostability. Yet many state-of-the-art NCs for photovoltaics are either based on toxic compositions or scarce elements on earth. It thus becomes essential to dev ...
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The input of mechanical forces to morphogenesis and wound healing: a systematic dissection (MORPHORCE)

Start date: May 1, 2012, End date: Apr 30, 2017,

The importance of mechanical forces in biology is well accepted, yet an integrated view of their mode of action in vivo is lacking. We intend to characterize in-depth the physical forces and cellular processes that coordinate the morphogenesis of different cell types contributing to an organ, taking the C. elegans embryo as a paradigm.We will achieve this by pursuing three axes:1. Building on our ...
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Nietzsche's Reading of Emerson. A Genetic Study (EMERSON-NIETZSCHE)

Start date: Mar 3, 2015, End date: Mar 2, 2017,

"Ralph Waldo Emerson played a fundamental role in the development of Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. There was no author whom Nietzsche admired more and longer than Emerson. Nietzsche’s personal copies of Emerson's works provide us with strong and reliable evidence of his deep intellectual relation with the American essayist. The pages of these books are covered with a lot of signs of reading, f ...
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Bottom-up Approaches to Machines dedicated to Bayesian Inference (BAMBI)

Start date: Jan 1, 2014, End date: Dec 31, 2016,

We propose a theory and a hardware implementation of probabilistic computation inspired by biochemical cell signaling. We will study probabilistic computation following three axes: algebra, biology, and hardware. In each case, we will develop a bottom-up hierarchical approach starting from the elementary components, and study how to combine them to build more complex systems. We propose Bayesian g ...
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Dengue research Framework for Resisting Epidemics in Europe (DENFREE)

Start date: Jan 1, 2012, End date: Dec 31, 2016,

"WHO estimates that one of the main consequences of global warming will be an increased burden of vector-borne diseases. Among these, dengue appears to be particularly problematic, with tens of millions of cases of dengue fever estimated to occur annually, including up to 500,000 cases of the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. In recent years, the global burden of den ...
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A quantum dot in a cavity: A solid state platform for quantum operations (QD-CQED)

Start date: Nov 1, 2011, End date: Oct 31, 2016,

"A quantum dot (QD) in a microcavity is an ideal single spin-single photon interface: the spin of a carrier trapped inside a QD can be used as a quantum bit and the coupling to photons can allow remote spin entanglement. A QD in a cavity can also generate single photons or entangled photon pairs, often referred to as flying quantum bit. Controlling the QD spontaneous emission is crucial to ensure ...
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Complex Media Investigation with Adaptive Optics (COMEDIA)

Start date: Nov 1, 2011, End date: Oct 31, 2016,

"Wave propagation in complex (disordered) media stretches our knowledge to the limit in many different fields of physics. It has important applications in seismology, acoustics, radar, and condensed matter. It is a problem of large fundamental interest, notably for the study of Anderson localization.In optics, it is of great importance in photonic devices, such as photonic crystals, plasmonic stru ...
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"Loop models, integrability and combinatorics" (LIC)

Start date: Nov 1, 2011, End date: Oct 31, 2016,

"The purpose of this proposal is to investigate new connections whichhave emerged in the recent years between problems from statisticalmechanics, namely two-dimensional exactly solvable models, and a varietyof combinatorial problems, among which: the enumeration of plane partitions,alternating sign matrices and related objects;combinatorial properties of certainalgebro-geometric objects such as o ...
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Sparsity, Image and Geometry to Model Adaptively Visual Processings (SIGMA-Vision)

Start date: Oct 1, 2011, End date: Sep 30, 2016,

SIGMA-Vision will develop the next generation algorithms and methodologies for image process- ing. These algorithms will rely on several mathematical breakthroughs in image modeling: structured sparsity, geometric representations and adaptivity. They will be implemented using fast optimization codes that can handle massive datasets with gigapixels images and videos. These algorithms will have far ...
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"The phenomenological concept of institution: event, history, symbolic." (PHENINST)

Start date: Sep 1, 2014, End date: Aug 31, 2016,

"The project aims at illustrating the specificity and fecundity of the phenomenological concept of Stiftung/“institution”. Thanks to its joint reference to the taking place of an event and the opening of a new dimension of meaning, the concept of institution allows us to map out a rich and articulated field of research, the potential of which still awaits to be fully fleshed out in the literature. ...
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High-resolution tweezers for DNA replication and sequence identification (MagRepS)

Start date: Sep 1, 2011, End date: Aug 31, 2016,

We propose to investigate the enzymes responsible for DNA replication and repair in micromanipulation experiments with a resolution of a single base. The detailed mechanism by which DNA is synthesized base after base and the coordination of the enzymes involved in this process are not fully understood. We shall develop new magnetic tweezers using lithographic techniques associated with evanescent ...
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TOPOLOGY OF STEIN MANIFOLDS (STEIN)

Start date: Sep 1, 2010, End date: Aug 31, 2016,

"The goal of this project is to study the topology of Stein manifolds from the viewpoint of symplectic and contact geometry. It addresses the fundamental questions of the subject: - How does the Lagrangian skeleton of a Stein manifold determine the Stein structure? - To what extent the study of Stein structures can be reduced to a combinatorial study of the skeleton? - How are the symplectic invar ...
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Post-glacial recolonisation and Holocene anthropization impact on populations of shrews and hedgehogs from Western Europe inferred from zooarchaeology, historical biogeography and ecological modeling (SMALL_MAM_RECOL)

Start date: May 5, 2014, End date: May 4, 2016,

At the end of last glaciation, ca. 15 000 cal. yrs ago, small mammals which had receded in the glacial refuges of southern Europe during the last pleniglacial started to spread again northward. This movement, which lasted several millenia -and which is still operating in a few cases- has been investigated through a number of phylogeographic works relying chiefly on molecular grounds so far. Compar ...
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The protein thermostability: same activity, different working temperature. A water problem? A rigidity/flexibility trade-off? (THERMOS)

Start date: May 1, 2011, End date: Apr 30, 2016,

The proteins from thermophilic organisms are the objects of the present study. Here it is specifically proposed a study on the microscopic origin of proteins thermostability using a multi-computational approach. The multi-methodological strategy is a powerful tool for exploring this issue since it allows an investigation at many different levels of molecular details. Neutron Scattering experiments ...
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Semidefinite Programming with Applications in Statistical Learning (SIPA)

Start date: May 1, 2011, End date: Apr 30, 2016,

"Interior point algorithms and a dramatic growth in computing power have revolutionized optimization inthe last two decades. Highly nonlinear problems which were previously thought intractable are nowroutinely solved at reasonable scales. Semidefinite programs (i.e. linear programs on the cone of positivesemidefinite matrices) are a perfect example of this trend: reasonably large, highly nonlinear ...
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Epigenetics towards systems biology (EPIGENESYS)

Start date: Oct 1, 2010, End date: Mar 31, 2016,

The ‘EpiGeneSys’ Network of Excellence aims to enable European epigenetics research to enter the arena of systems biology, a new step forward with major implications for human health. Many diseases, not explained solely by gene mutation, have rather been associated with epigenetic disorders. Following the identification of key epigenetic regulators, a move towards a systems biology approach is nee ...
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Multi-Mathematics for Imaging and Optimal Design Under Uncertainty (MULTIMOD)

Start date: Apr 1, 2011, End date: Mar 31, 2016,

"The aim of this interdisciplinary project is to develop new mathematical and statistical tools, probabilistic approaches, and inversion and optimal design methods to address emerging modalities in medical imaging, nondestructive testing, and environmental inverse problems. It merges the complementary expertise of the investigators in order to make a breakthrough in the field ofmathematical imagi ...
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Optimal non-demolition quantum measurements (ONDEQUAM)

Start date: Apr 1, 2014, End date: Mar 31, 2016,

The goal of the project is the development and implementation of novel, highly efficient techniques for the quantum non-demolition measurement of photon number states. Cavity-QED experiments using Rydberg atoms to probe microwave fields stored in ultra-high finesse resonators have witnessed enormous progress in the past decades. Optimization of the information extraction rate will enable us to stu ...
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Earth system Model Bias Reduction and assessing Abrupt Climate change (EMBRACE)

Start date: Nov 1, 2011, End date: Feb 29, 2016,

EMBRACE brings together the leading Earth System Models (ESMs) in Europe around a common set of objectives to improve our ability to (i) simulate the Earth System and (ii) make reliable projections of future global change. EMBRACE builds on the existing European collaboration network in Earth System Modelling and will be the main European input to international efforts in this field over the comin ...
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Toward the Understanding of Stereopsis Recovery and its Application for an Amblyopia Treatment (STEREOAMB)

Start date: Mar 1, 2014, End date: Feb 29, 2016,

Stereopsis is the perception of depth through the differences between the two eye images (binocular depth cues). A substantial proportion of adults cannot process those cues correctly. In a recent experiment, stereoblind observers recovered stereopsis in a perceptual learning task in which binocular depth cues are mixed with monocular depth cues. Stereopsis was recovered durably so that observers ...
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Exploring the Decoherence of Light in Cavities (DECLIC)

Start date: Feb 1, 2010, End date: Jan 31, 2016,

"The transition from quantum to classical is an essential issue in physics. At a practical level, quantum information thrives to build large quantum systems for tasks in communication or computing beyond the reach of classical devices. At the fundamental level, the question is whether there exists, in addition to environment-induced decoherence, another mechanism responsible for the disappearance ...
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