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...uce, refine and replace animal tests, to lower testing cost, and to support medium/high throughput testing. ESNATS objectives will be achieved in a 5 year multi-disciplinary collaboration of leading European researchers in alternative testing, toxicology, ESC research, genomics, modelling, and automation. The consortium will also include representatives from regulatory bodies, the pharmaceutical ...

...h bottlenecks in the 3Rs approach in pharmaceutical discovery and development. The goal of the project is organising 3 Workshops to determine the state of the art of each of the 3Rs in the EU, assess European strength and gaps in 3Rs and identify rate limiting steps on a scientific and technological level, resulting in a Consensus Paper containing concepts and suggestions for a Road Map for future ...