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Permafrost is defined as ground that remains continuously at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years; some 24% of the land surface in the northern Hemisphere is classified as permafrost. In the Northern high latitudes, strong warming has been observed over the recent decades, and climate models project strong future warming. A projected decline in the extent of permafrost will have a major ...

Climate change over both geological and human timescales has an immense impact on Earth environments. Changes in mountain glaciers provide both a particularly sensitive indicator of local-to-regional patterns of climate change and are crucial for water resources and natural hazards in mountainous regions and adjacent lowlands. An international research project, led by Professor Stroeven at Stockh ...