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Background In Europe, techniques for rehabilitating river sediments contaminated with heavy metals have tended to focus on ex-situ physical and chemical approaches, such as pyrometallurgical separation, solidification, electrokinetics, soil washing, and excavation and burial at hazardous-waste sites. Remedial techniques based on phytoextraction have scarc ...

Background The quality of surface water in Spain is currently far from satisfactory. An analysis by 533 surface water testing stations of biochemical demand in oxygen indicated water pollution in 11% of the cases. In 42% of the cases there was heavy water pollution. In the Segura river basin, there is little treatment of residual waters. Of 207 residual ...