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 FINISHED 
A by-product is defined as a secondary product obtained during the manufacture of a principal commodity. Animal by-products (ABPs) are materials of animal origin that people do not consume. Animal by-products represent a significant part of the biowaste stream and disposal options are limited and highly regulated. Over 20 million tons emerge annually from EU from slaughterhouses, plants producing ...
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 FINISHED 
Background The control of bacterial diseases in plants is largely based on the use of copper salts, which are some of the few chemicals still allowed in organic agriculture. However, copper derivatives do not degrade in the environment and their tendency to accumulate in soil and water poses a serious threat to a wide range of organisms and micro-organism ...
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 FINISHED 
Background Agriculture based on the use of fertilisers accounts for 40-60% of the world’s food supply. The main nutrients – nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) – are elements that occur naturally in the environment but are removed with the harvesting of crops. Fertilisers replenish the soils with N, P, K and other nutrients, thereby helpi ...
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 5

 FINISHED 
Background Soil degradation is an issue for the whole EU, although it varies considerably between Member States, with different threats of different degrees of severity. An estimated 115 million hectares (ha), or 12% of Europe’s total land area, is subject to water erosion, and 42 million ha is affected by wind erosion. An estimated 45% of European soi ...
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 FINISHED 
Background Key environmental regulations concerning Europe’s tanning industry include the EU Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Directive (96/61/EC), the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and the REACH Regulation. In order to maintain competitiveness in the global market place, European leather producers must exploit raw materials m ...
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